RAWAN SULIMANI-Personal Statement t- THE GEORGEWASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Personal

RAWAN SULIMANI-t-THE GEORGEWASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL - Personal Statement Example I won't settle for second best and subsequent to getting information from George Washington University Law School I can be the business chief I was destined to be. By business pioneer I mean a lady who is solid and pleased with her achievements. Why Law? Law is incredible and privileged. The law places judgment. Where I originate from, graduate school is regularly for men. Ladies don't need to agree to normal. Ladies can exceed expectations in any vocation field. Getting my lords will demonstrate that ladies can achieve anything they set their psyche as well. Great training is a need in a developing world. It is significant for individuals to turn out to be increasingly free and become a genuine model for the more youthful ages. The more genuine models that are set will just prompt better pioneers of tomorrow. I am sure that with my past achievements and new objectives set up that I will demonstrate and set models. These qualities are the stuff to be a pioneer, the kind of pioneer that originates from difficult work. Difficult work from legitimate training like that of George Washington University Law School is fundamental for self-awareness. The LLM program will accommodate my self-improvement

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Extraordinary Expectations Essay The crowd have seen the interest, and had a concise look at the substance of the convict they have seen the airborne geese over the swamps, and they need to realize what will happen When analyzing the film, one needs to respect the social setting in which the film was made. Inclines variant was made the year after the Second World War. Individuals would presumably require their assurance helped after the six years of contention, and the film was most likely proposed to cause individuals to feel more joyful. In the end phases of the Lean film, Pip meets Estella in Miss Havershams house. He pulls down the window ornament, lighting the room, and yells at Estella check out you passing and rot you don't have a place here you should escape from this spot accompany me into the daylight. I accept this is a representation; demise and rot is the war and Estella speaks to the individuals of Britain. They can come out into the daylight, and desert the war them. Lean is reminding the crowd that they can overlook the war, and proceed to have new existences. Lean likewise endeavors to put over an ethical message. At the point when Pip is a youngster his still, small voice addresses him and the crowd. As he advances down the stairs to take the food there is a voice murmuring, wake up Mrs. Joe, wake up Mrs. Joe, wake up Mrs. Joe. This impact appears in the first content, each split in each board shouting toward me stop cheat! what's more, Get up Mrs Joe. A comparable gadget is that of the talking dairy animals. Lean uses this, however once more, Marchant chooses not to, favoring a progressively reasonable methodology. The cows give a component of funniness in the film, yet I feel that in the book they were incorporated fundamentally to give the crowd a brief look at Pips inner voice and not to give parody. This likewise gives the film a pinch of creativity. Before the 1940s a lot of film sound was straightforward and silly the crowd saw a vehicle, accordingly the crowd ought to hear a vehicle. Thusly, when the crowd saw a dairy animals, they were most likely hoping to hear cow, not a human voice. Presently, notwithstanding, during a time when talking creatures show up in many childrens TV programs, the cutting edge crowds are not liable to be astonished by the impact. Another angle to take in thought is the media for which the creations were initially made. The BBC adaptation was composed for the TV, carrying the characters into the home. I accept that Leans film was initially made for the film. Lean shows this from various perspectives. The cutting edge crowd can perceive that perspectives, for example, the outlined gibbets would have a more prominent effect when appeared on the huge screen. The two movies are set numerous decades prior to the dates they were made, and neither one of the audiences had encounters of the period in which the story was set. Marchants variant is an endeavor at an exact recorded portrayal of the Victorian age. I feel that Lean chose to focus more on storyline, and the accompanying of Dickens message as opposed to being focused in making an exact verifiable portrayal of Victorian Britain. Dickens had composed from his own direct understanding of the time, so he recognized what had occurred. The portrayals of the characters in the content are exact, and Lean has focused on making the people that Dickens depicted. This is presumably what the crowd would anticipate. The post-war crowd would need to think back on the time of domain in the manner that Dickens did, yet during the 1990s, another methodology is normal by the inexorably evolving crowd. Dickens is commonly considered as exhausting and dreary, and the Marchant film endeavors to give a new, twentieth century makeover to one of Britains most praised creators. To finish up, I feel that, considering the conditions wherein it was made, Leans film was the more fruitful of the two. In post war Britain there was not a gigantic measure of cash for making movies, and there was constrained innovation accessible for the creation. Materials were costly and rare, and couldn't be effortlessly acquired. The film figures out how to make the initial grouping unnerving, energizing and tense, without utilizing unreasonable viciousness or upsetting pictures. It figures out how to depict the novel in a practical manner, and his storyline is more genuine to the first than the BBC adaptation. Sonya Shah Page 1 of 4 Show review just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations area.

Using Xing.de for Business Purposes

Using Xing.de for Business Purposes Depending on your strategic marketing, sales and recruitment goals, integrating a professional social networking into your plans may be a successful strategy. If you are a predominantly U.S.-based firm looking to branch out onto foreign shores, or perhaps a French or Indian firm that already has a strong presence on Viadeo, then there is at least one other professional networking site whose services you should consider. And that site is XING a German-based company launched in 2003, that as of March of 2014 counts over 14 million members worldwide. © Shutterstock.com | Luba V NelIn this article, we will cover 1) the history of XING, 2) the purpose of XING, 3) the benefits of XING, 4) setting up a XING account, 5) using XING for business, 6) XINGs key terminology, and 7) a business case study of XING usage.HISTORY OF XING.DEThe firm was founded as OpenBC (Open Business Club) in Hamburg, Germany by serial entrepreneur Lars Hinrichs on November 1, 2003. Open BC was initially a club for entrepreneurs, with a professional social network growing out of Hinrichs’ own need to organize the network of contacts he had developed through the Club. After its launch as a stand-alone professional networking site, the firm enjoyed rapid increases in membership and revenue. OpenBC rebranded itself as XING in late 2006, and by December, 7, 2006, the company went public.The company has grown through acquiring similar professional networking sites in other countries. In 2007, it bought Neurona and eConozco â€" Spanish professional social network ing sites, and Cember.net â€" a Turkish professional social networking site). At this point, it was available in 16 different languages.Historically, XING has gotten the majority of its traffic from Germany and German-speaking countries, such as Switzerland and Austria (known as the D-A-CH region), with half of its members from this region. Due to this, they have recently stopped support for other languages. In the wake of heavy competition and stagnant growth outside of D-A-C-H, in 2011, XING closed its offices in China, Spain, and Turkey.XING’s main revenue driver is premium memberships, even though 97% of them (as of March 2014) were from the D-A-CH region. Ads are available to businesses (and XING owns, through acquisition, an employer reviewing business, Kununu), though XING has, in comparison to its chief competitors, relatively few ads. XING also offers businesses a platform for enterprise communities, which is used by multinational firms like McKinsey, DaimlerChrysler, IBM , and Accenture, among others.Given XING’s relatively limited market, they have started offering more and different benefits. One such benefit is ticket registration and sales for member/organization events. They also purchased Amiando, a leading event registration and ticket sales broker to facilitate this offering in 2010.PURPOSE OF XING.DE © Xing.deXING is a professional social networking website: as such it is chiefly designed to provide its members business opportunities, by providing them the ability to share, communicate, and interact with each other concerning business topics, as well as conduct marketing, recruitment, and sales activities on their platform.Like its chief non-U.S. competitor, Viadeo, XING initially employed a glocal approach. It focused on developing significant professional and individual memberships in key regional markets, to enable it to be the dominant player in those markets and provide considerable value to members in those markets. However, after early efforts to expand internationally, the firm has focused in recent years on expanding and monetizing the depth of its services, such as software licensing and event management. XINGs challenge will be to ensure that its strategy does not artificially limit its revenue potential.BENEFITS OF XING.DEThe benefits of using XING are numerous for b oth individuals and firms. Individual members can use XING to enhance their personal brand by setting up profiles, networking with other job seekers, providing or receiving public recommendations (known as references) and sharing industry insights. They can also synchronize their contacts with a variety of contact management systems, including Lotus Notes, Microsoft Outlook, and Outlook express, among others.XING allows firms to burnish their image and establish credibility as an industry authority by sharing industry updates, company news, and insights on your page. This can bolster your public relations efforts: by establishing your staff as experts, you can pitch their expertise (and availability for expert interviews/testimonials) to journalists covering your industry. This may also provide entree to business networking, B2B sales conversations, strategic partnership conversations and more. And by monitoring what people are saying on XING about their using third-party media moni toring tools, like Hootsuite or Social Mention, they can gain actionable insights about their strategies.XING offers members the ability to set up a Group about any topic, not necessarily of a business nature (subject to approval). Much like other professional social networks, XING groups can be public or private. Firms can use these groups for marketing activities, and deeper brand engagement and/or for recruiting purposes. Further, firms can set up Company Pages to establish a presence on XING, post job listings and firm updates, and engage with existing and prospective customers. They can also use the Premium features to expand their visibility further. Premium members also get certain third-party benefits, such as periods of free Skype usage.XING has privacy settings that allow you to share what profile information is visible to their users. Unlike many other social networks, including professional ones, XING uses the https: protocol, meaning it is very secure. They also closely monitor the site to crack down on spamming efforts. And XING Mobile allows you to access all of XING’s functions on your smartphone with a quick download of the app.XING members can search for local events and purchase tickets for them online, through XING Events. XING Events also offers a robust platform for marketing events and audience development efforts. Further, they also have established a regional ambassador program â€" Xpert Ambassadors are responsible for organizing and promoting local and regional events. As per XING:“Xpert Ambassadors are dedicated XING members and active moderators of an industry-specific XING group. They are recognized experts with specialist knowledge of their particular field of work. Through their group and regular official XING Events, Xpert Ambassadors strive to bring people with similar interests together to network with one another.”Lastly, XING offers enterprise-level social applications to business and organizations for license. These c an include any organization, from a consulting firm to a membership association. As Sarik Weber, XING’s head of sales noted of the technology, in a 2005 interview:“Our business partners are very appreciative of the technology as well as the wide range of applications offered, such as networking, contact management, search features, forums and event management which can all now be provided as part of their brand. This makes the communities more contextually appropriate, self-reliant and independent â€" decisive factors to closed user groups who wish to maintain the value of their sensitive network structures [. “]This means a private club is not just and off shoot of the main [XING] it is a separate community.SETTING UP A XING.DE ACCOUNTSetting up a page is easy. Visit www.xing.com and click Sign Up Now for Free, after the requested information: First name, Last name, Email, and Password, and agreeing to the Terms of Service. You’ll be taken to a profile page you can customiz e. From here, you can select a premium package by selecting Premium Benefits, or you can begin to create to a company page by clicking on Create Company Profile under Companies.Firms looking to maximize XINGS capabilities should consider purchasing a premium account, which is approximately $8 USD per month. This entitles you to more sophisticated recruiting, customization, communication, and searching tools, among other features.USING XING.DE FOR BUSINESSXING provides firms with many opportunities to recruit, advertise, build brand awareness, and develop business, particularly in the D-A-CH region.Recruiting78% of German firms use XING for recruitment because XING provides recruiters with ample opportunities to find and acquire talent. They can use XINGs search features to run keyword searches (using desired skills as key words) to find individuals with the skillsets they are looking for, and directly contact them. They can also post job listings accessible to all XING members. They can also prospect professional interest Groups for talent, as well as reach out to Group members, indicating you are holding recruiting events and are potentially opening up positions, in advance of a formal listing.XING’s Jobs feature matches candidates with listings. Recruiters can purchase a listing, and pay using a pay-per-click model, though they can set a budget to limit how much you spend.Targeted marketingAs mentioned previously, the vast majority of traffic and activity on XING comes from the D-A-CH region. If you are looking to recruit, establish business and/or offices, strengthen existing business relationships, advertise, or generate sales leads in this region, a XING account, integrated into a brought business development, human resources, or marketing strategy can be very valuable.Extending reach and visibility through content marketingYou can use your Company Profile as a key vehicle to tell stories about your brand. By regularly interacting with consumers, influe ncers, and others on XING, you can build up your presence on the platform. And by including backlinks in your updates, ads, and offers to your website, you can increase website traffic and enhance website SEO. Make sure to include your regional or industry-based Xpert Ambassador in your content marketing plans to expend your reach.AdvertisingXING offers targeted advertising opportunities through Adconion Media Group, which manages XING’s banner and other advertising. You can also, with an approval from XING, offer exclusive deals to premium members. You can advertise events through XING Events, which offers social media channel content distribution, email marketing, portal-based even advertising, affiliate marketing, and other promotional opportunities. And you can also create branded enterprise-level communities on XING’s platform, enhancing your networking opportunities, client-customer interactions, brand presence, and organizational capacity.B2B marketingYou can prospect XIN G profiles as sales leads, particularly once you run keyword searches for specific geo-demographic or other factors that qualify that particular sales lead. You can also mine profiles for contact information and reach out to them with marketing offers. As mentioned previously, XING monitors the site thoroughly to crackdown on spam emails, so take an opt-in approach. XING’s Event page often contains networking events by firms and organizations; XING Xpert ambassadors often organize these events as well. Attending them can yield leads, partners, and even sales.XING.DE KEY TERMSBefore you join XING, read through this shortlist of key XING terms:DM â€" direct message, a common form of communication on XING and Twitter which is heavily integrated into XINGLive Networking Events â€" these are social or professional live Events organized by Xing members using XING’s tools and platformModerators â€" these are Xing members who oversee the adherence to the Terms of Service of Group member sPosting â€" comments you make in a public or private Group or forumGroup â€" a collection of self-selected XING members using XING’s forums to network and interact based on a common interest and/or affiliation.References â€" recommendations made by one member of another that are publicly visibleBEST PRACTICES FOR USING XING.DEThere are many ways to harness XING to accomplish strategic business aims.Post insights about the industry. Depending on the depth, utility, and ultimately the popularity of your insights, others will take note. A skilled content marketer should be able to help you match the kinds of industry topics likely to be popular with your leaderships knowledge and expertise, as well as a content calendar, to craft winning blog posts on XING.Couple those industry posts with stories about your brand. Humanize your brand with customer feedback you solicit on XING. Post insights about your company culture, hiring practices, and other unique corporate insights to showcase your firm.Engage followers. Discussions are a two-way street. Dont just push content, ask questions and respond to answers. And make it a point to respond to questions about, or mentions of, your firm. Its more than just an engagement or follower recruitment strategy: its simple common courtesy.Identify and engage with the influencers in your industry, starting with XING’s Xpert Ambassadors. Beyond, these dedicated XING members, influencers can include journalists, bloggers, customers or followers with large followings, and those in related industries. Mentions by these users can generate interest in your brand and traffic to your website.Be brief with updates and interactions. Dont overdo it with updates every five minutes, or you will turn people off. Further, XING frowns on this activity.Fill out your Company Page completely ensuring you establish a strong presence. Make sure to include contact information (including all social channels) so that those who wish to contact you c an.Use traditional keyword strategies to appear towards the top or at the top of XING search engine results.COMPETITORSXINGs major competitors are U.S.-based LinkedIn and France-based Viadeo. The former has heavy exposure in the U.S., U.A.E., Sweden, Singapore, Costa Rica, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, among many other countries, while the latter is concentrated in France, with exposure in India from its acquisition of Indian professional networking site ApnaCircle, and China from its acquisition of professional social networking site Tianji.Determining which to use should involve a review of your strategic marketing and recruiting goals. Where are you looking to do business? A Company Page can help improve your visibility in the D-A-C-H. Where are you looking to hire? Job listings here can lead to your next employee in this region.CASE STUDYIf you need more convincing that a XING presence may help you achieve your firm’s strategic business objectives, look no further than Oracle. Oracle has developed a presence on both XING and its subsidiary Kununu to provide candidates with work-life insights. Their profiles allow them to provide a branded presence, recruit candidates, and share insights about working at the firm. The Kununu profile allows Oracle to monitor what current and former employees are saying about the company, and respond internally as it sees fit. Oracle has written about the importance of XING, and other professional social networks, in their recruitment and branding strategies, respectively on their corporate blog, noting that their use has helped save costs, attract talent, and help build a positive brand.

The Italian Renaissance was the start of a strongly...

The Italian Renaissance was the start of a strongly religious, cultural and artistic revolution throughout Western history, which was dominated by the catholic church. The church was seen as the highest authority due to the fact that they were literate and well educated, and seen as a safe haven to seek refuge from hell, gods punishment, and the plagues. Although the church was the heart of life during the Renaissance, it all began to change, as seen through artists such as Michelangelos painting in the Sistine chapel. Popes who are in power through association with the church were taking money from the poor and uneducated. The impact of the Roman Catholic Church on the Italian renaissance society such as art, political figures†¦show more content†¦Once the church grasped these new playings they seemingly buried what life was rightfully about and as stated â€Å"their aim was no longer a holy life...they became interested in armies, in wars against Christians.† - (P.2 6) Priests were no longer good representatives of the pope, they became corrupt and indulgences became a huge part of their plan. Sales of indulgences was an immense thing for the church. ( See Appendix D4) During the 1400s they strictly believed that for their sins they would be punished and sent to purgatory, to pay for their actions and behavior and then gain entrance to heaven. To avoid such a penalty they would feel guilty and would pay a certain expense to the church to flee away from purgatory, and go straight to heaven. They feel as if their a higher class, they are the only people who understand the bible ( See Appendix E5) arent willing to translate it, it makes them feel empowered. The church didnt fulfill its purposes, people eventually began to realize that churches religion began to go corrupt. â€Å"Roman Catholics were the largest Christian religious group† Savanorola who began to disagree and point out the famous sinners. They viewed god as someone who wasnt loving and caring and eventually that changes with certain artists such as; Michelangelo, Martin Luther etc. Once the printing press was made other people wereShow MoreRelatedMultinational Banks and Financial Institutions1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe banking system has globalized rapidly in foreign ownership of bank assets. Gyongyi Loranth, a professor of finance at the University of Vienna and Alan Morrison, a professor of Law and Finance at Oxford University believe a multinational bank (MNB) consists of a home bank in the native country and a number of foreign banks overseas. There are many incentives and disincentives for cross border regulatory cooperation (Loranth and Morrison, 2006). When a multinational bank opens a foreign bank,Read MoreFundamentals of Economics842 Words   |  4 Pageslevel, t he marginal cost is smaller than the marginal benefit. There is still a marginal net benefit of 10. 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Setting MNB(Q) = 100 - 4Q - 2 = 0 and solving, we see that the net benefits of recycling are maximized when Q = 24.5. d. The optimal level of recycling is 24.5. At this level, the net benefits are maximized. 13. The government decides that a specific scarce goodRead MoreBaye Test14619 Words   |  59 Pageslevel of Q maximizes net benefits? b. What is marginal benefit at this level of Q? c. What is marginal cost at this level of Q? d. What is the maximum level of net benefits? e. What is another word for net benefits in this example?   a. Setting MNB(Q) = 3000 - 20Q = 0 and solving for Q yields Q = 150. b. Marginal benefit at Q = 150 is 600. c. Marginal cost at Q = 150 is 4(150) = 600. d. Net benefits are 3,000Q - 8Q2 - (100 + 2Q2). When Q = 150, net benefits are $224,900. e. Net benefitsRead MorePmp Sample Questions21907 Words   |  88 Pagesmilestone in the project is scheduled to end so the work does not impact current business cycles. This is an example of which one of the following? A. Constraint B. Expert judgment C. WBS scheduling D. Soft logic 11. You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? A. Constraints B. Assumptions C. The project charter D. Identified risks 12. You are theRead MoreOnline Banking42019 Words   |  169 PagesThe basic on-line activity is paying bills. Swedbank was the first bank in the world to introduce Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) and now handles 2 million bill payment a month. E-shopping is another major internet banking service. MNB has an on-line â€Å"mall† of, more than 900 shops, which accepts its â€Å"Solo† payment system. Swedbank has a similar system called â€Å"Direct†. Besides using advanced encryption technology, the Scandenavian banks have adopted a basic but effective system known

Marcel Proust Defines the Self in Remembrance of Things Past

Marcel Proust Defines the Self in Remembrance of Things Past Proust seems to be unique among the twentieth century authors in that his denial of rational thought is through the use of sensation to respond to the problem--instead of experience, for example--by defining the self as a retrievable essence comprised of all past experiences. Our human condition is defined by mortality, contingency, and discontentment. This reality combined with the new outlooks of relationships between our lives and the objects that surround us in our world, have caused authors in the twentieth century to question traditional Western thought. In Remembrance of Things Past, Marcel Proust extends these comparisons to include ones use of memory and†¦show more content†¦(5-6) The phrase, and might now very possibly be, exemplifies Prousts idea that although literally he is not anywhere aside from in his own bed, Marcel is--in some way--still at a time and location he experienced previously. The memory fills his body thus making his partial existence whole, a feat that alone--that is, without these subconscious thoughts--he could not accomplish. We see here a bit of foreshadowing de lesprit, as those same, undeterminable thoughts, Marcel will understand later, are some of the pieces to the solution he fails yet to realize he is searching for. Proust continues his illustration of the importance of memories though their connection to habit. We all have the need for a certain order in our lives. The protagonist however (although not quite an obsession) does seem to have problems functioning in the absence of routine. The authors intention is revealed through Marcels character, calling to our attention the true nature of a magic part of human life. That is, that objects themselves cannot be labeled familiar--they need a human connection to be described as such: Habit! that skilful but slow-moving arrangerShow MoreRelatedResponse to George Berkeleys Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous1009 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween Hylas and Philonous, in which he argues that the Cartesian notion of substance is incoherent, that the word matter as Descartes uses it, does not mean anything. This essay is also about words as memories, and about the two fictional Marcels, young and old. Hylas is a Cartesian thinker, and Philonous is Berkeley’s voice of reason. Words are like vessels—they are merely novel constructions of sounds empty of meaning until we fill them. They mean only what we discern in themRead MoreAwareness6564 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction In the writing of their fictional works, novelists often have to reflect on the functioning of memory, for memory lies at the heart both of inner life and of human experience in general. It is indeed in the works of writers such as Marcel Proust or Jorge Luis Borges that the best exemplifications of the subjective experience of memory are to be found. However, from a strictly mnemonic point of view, literature provides more than a means of reflecting on memory: it is also the site of theRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagesto control ones body movements and to handle objects skillfully 6. Interpersonal Intelligence -- capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others. 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence -- capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes 8. Naturalist Intelligence -- ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature 9. Existential Intelligence -- sensitivity and capacity

The Paradox of the California Dream Free Essays

â€Å"More gold has been mined from the thoughts of men than has been taken from the earth. † – Napoleon Hill Dreaming something is very different than trying to accomplish it. The famed author Napoleon Hill puts it so wisely: many more people dream and try to become rich and successful than the small percentage that actually accomplish that goal. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of the California Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article â€Å"California: A place, A People, A Dream,† James Rawls argues that the California dream consists of five main factors. These factors are Health, Romance, Opportunity and Success, Warmth and Sunshine, and Freedom. People come from all over the world to live this dream, which sometimes turns into a nightmare instead. Based on texts such as The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, The Republic of East L. A. , by Luis J. Rodriguez, California travel guides, and others, the California dream is perceived and lived differently by different people. The California dream is not how it seems; it is a paradox to the lower class but a reality for the wealthy. The California dream changes drastically depending on your level of income. As we see in the majority of Luis J. Rodriguez’s stories, opportunity and success is what lower class families are focused on. â€Å"Pigeons† is about a young, poor couple who are doing whatever it takes to support their family. â€Å"Although apprentices were called oil greasers†¦ it was a Job that promised up to 15 dollars an hour within two years†¦ What more could a young, poor, married couple living in East L. A. ask for? † (109). For a typical poor couple like that, Jobs like these are very common. For them, the California dream is being able to support a family and live happily. While this can be thought of as a dream, it is what is expected everywhere and is not unique to California in any way. If you compare this definition to Rawls’ definition, it is nowhere near the full California dream. In fact, it is only one fifth of it, which doesn’t really make it a dream. In contrast, the California dream changes a lot for upper and some middle class families. For wealthy families, all of James Rawls’ five factors play into the picture when deciding to move to California or not. Romance, Warmth and Sunshine, and Health are all added benefits that California has. These added benefits are some of the main things that wealthy people are focused on. Being wealthy, they most likely have or had some sort of well paying Job/source of income, inheritance, etc. The climate, health, and Romance of California are not things that a single person can control. They are more or less unique to California and very attractive to people with disposable income. California Travel guides are generally directed towards the upper class. â€Å"California Dreaming? Travel deals to Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego,† is a travel guide for wealthy people out of state. It highlights some of the main things people think of when they think of California. â€Å"Want to feel like a celebrity while you are at it? Indulge in a spa day at the Beverly Hills Plaza Hotel and Spa($99, a low by $101; expires June 29). † While this sounds attractive to many people in all financial classes, the question is if someone can afford it without losing a meal or electricity for their family. Unfortunately, many lower class people cannot. Too often, neducated, lower class families come to California with the dream of living a lavish lite like the wealthy; this is a tar tetcned dream. California’s lofty cost of living makes it hard for a lot of people to think of living here as a dream. With California housing prices two times the national median, it takes much perseverance that many people think isn’t worth living in the new, overcrowded California. Maribel Vazquez Lemus is one of those people. In an article published on CNN, she talks about her situation. â€Å"[she] skips two meals a day so she can afford to feed her kids†¦ She wants to move East–perhaps out of the state–so she can find better employment and lower rent. Right now she pays $400 for a single bedroom in someone elses house. She and her two daughters all sleep together in that room. † Believe it or not this is quite a common situation for young families. The amount of single parents are growing at a constant rate, adding to the difficulties of raising one or more children. In a recent study done by the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA), the cost of raising a child is the highest it has ever been. The verage middle-class family who had a child in 2011 will shell out $234,900 to keep it fed and a roof over its head for the next 17 years†between $12,290 and $14,320 per year. † This is one fifth of the $51 ,017 national median income and it has to be over two fifth with two kids. By moving somewhere else where the cost of living is much cheaper, like Maribel Vazquez Lemus wants to, this number can be reduced significantly. With California being the most populous state since 1970(1970 California Census)–and the population still rising–the cost of living has nothing else o do but rise as well. The California dream is a paradox; an idea that is very attractive thinking about it, but very opposite living it. California is perceived as the place to make easy money, meet a partner, and get a tan. These things simply aren’t realistic. It is Just as hard, if not harder to earn a living in California. And the inflation Just adds to the trouble. We see this example of the paradox of the California Dream is The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, when living in California is much different than the main character, Baba, anticipated. Baba loved the idea of America. It was living in america that gave him an Clearly, living in Fremont, CA did not live up to their expectations. At all. Hearing so many positive things about it, they don’t know how they can be experiencing these negative things such as the the lack of trust. â€Å"No one trusts anybody! † Baba says. Later in the book, we see more negative reasons why the state is not living up to expectations. â€Å"The Bay Area’s smog stung his eyes, the traffic noise gave him headaches, and the pollen made him cough. The fruit was never sweet nough, the water never clean enough, and where were all the trees and open fields? (l). More and more things that seem like they should all be here but clearly aren’t. At the moment Baba and his son are very disappointed, as are many other people that came to California to live the dream but have failed to get that opportunity. Maybe the paradox stems from the old California. From the 1970’s when the California dream for al l classes, not Just the upper class, was actually a realistic thing. Or maybe it stems from the countless celebrities such as Steve Jobs and Tiger Woods ho nave emerged trom Calitornia. Either way, the old Calitornia dream, where an overwhelming number of people came to California with nothing and left with something, is dying out. Whether it is because of the decline in education, the high cost of living, or the unrealistic perception that outsiders have on California, the old dream is being replaced by new, tougher times in California. The California Gold Rush days are long gone. Getting rich so easily Just does not happen anymore. Luck is a main reason why people still move to California, and a main reason why they fail, too. The future is still bright for the Golden State, though. Many of the problems that have caused this end to the dream have fixes that aren’t too complicated. Soon, in the near future, it will be clear for most people that there is no such California dream anymore. Hopefully sometime after that it won’t be as clear. And hopefully soon after that it will be clear that the California dream is back. But for now, the California dream is â€Å"fizzling out. â€Å"As James Rawls’ stated, the California Dream is â€Å"quite impossibly everything–and quite possibly nothing at all. † A paradox for many, a reality for few. How to cite The Paradox of the California Dream, Papers

The Second Coming free essay sample

lf said Poetry is no rootless flower, but the speech of man and this concept is reflected deeply in his poetic works as he expresses concerns and ideas of close regard to himself and makes them memorable to the reader through his linguistic craftsmanship and mastery of poetic techniques. The Wild Swans At Coole (hereafter WS) examines the theme of intimate change and personal yearning, whilst The Second Coming (hereafter SC) examines change in context with cultural dissolution and fear. It is because Yeats poetry is so deeply grounded in his own human feelings and is such an artful expression of those emotions that the ideas he presents in these poems resonate with the reader long after the piece has been read. WS is Yeats melancholy lament for the progression of time and the transitory nature of the human life which draws upon our own feelings of mutability to resonate beyond the page. We will write a custom essay sample on The Second Coming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yeats introduces time to the poem with the reference to autumn, creating tactility in the physical image but more importantly an effected ambience. Yeats employs autumn as an objective correlative, divulging his feelings of progression towards poetical and physical sterility as he entered the twilight years of his life, a change which he resolutely resents. This progression is contrasted starkly against the temporal wild swans whose hearts have not grown old, in fact Yeats views the swans, wheeling in great broken rings, as transcendent of time, breaking free of the gyres applicable only to the temporal earth and human kind. His fascination with their changeless state is evident as he positions the swans both in water, the mundane world and then includes their transcendence into the air, the eternal and spiritual, an attribute that he is most envious of, to the point that â€Å"it makes his heart sore. † The poem leaves us in admiration of these eternal creatures that transcend change and allows us to reflect, as Yeats did, upon our own struggle with the progression of time, reminding us of our desire for youth and vitality. Likewise in SC, Yeats delves into the inevitable nature of change although now through the expression of his own apprehensions about the transformation in world order that he saw as impending. The opening lines create an immediate discomfort in the giddying centrifugal imagery of both the falcon and the gyre, conveying to the reader a change that is beyond its control, just as the falcon is beyond the restraint of the falconer. The gyres are particularly central to Yeats expression in this poem as he believed the end of an era was immanent and this is his modernist expression of the expectations of the antithetical gyre that was soon to take hold. The sense of inevitability is bolstered further by the approach of the sphinx a symbol for the impending new order, an Egyptian spiritual symbol that is inevitably to overtake the Christian order, sibilant ses employed to mirror the sound of its slow thighs in its approach. In these ways Yeats uses his poetic mastery to convey the inevitability of the change he saw as binding, but executing this in such an ambiguous way so as to create a piece that is implicitly timeless and memorable. Wild Swans is an expression of Yeats yearning which through its ambiguous longing allows the readers own yearnings to be brought foremost in our mind as we identify with the author. Yeats presents a repine of his rejection by Maud and her daughter in his reference to the companionship of the swans lover by lover while syntax of nine-and-fifty allows the reader to appreciate the presence of a lone swan, who Yeats is identifying himself with. Furthermore he expresses his resentment at the loss of the prerogatives of youth, and a desire for the passion and energy of the swans through the auditory imagery of the bell-beat of their wings, a ring reverberating the energy possessed by the birds. The tension created by the comparison of the binary opposites of the static Yeats upon this shore, restricted by his mortality, to the itinerant swans, free to mount, drift, and scatter, the inclusion of dynamic verbs conveying their freedom to pursue fleeting desires and impulse. In this way Yeats allows us to realise how the universal yearnings for love and freedom affect our happiness as he conveys his melancholy in the absence of these two elements, creating textual integrity through his linguistic craftsmanship and the timeless presentation of human yearning. The sense of fear in SC is born out of a yearning for knowledge, the ambiguity of Yeats work plays on this yearning to induce a feeling of discomfort and discontent, a feeling which is tormentingly memorable. The use of biblical imagery in his allusion to the impending unknown serves to add to our confusion and discontent as Christian symbols are used as a description of the religions very inverse. The rough iambic pentameter creates familiarity but only to a degree, the half rhyme echoing a world almost completely different from the one we are experiencing just as the beat and rhyme are only a ghost of a conventional poem. The beast of the new age, unnamed and non-specifically positioned â€Å"somewhere in the sands of the desert† leaves the reader with only confusion as Yeats impresses upon the audience his anxiousness about the specifics of the new era he saw as impending. The breakdown of structure as the poem progresses works twofold, firstly as an indication of social dissolution but secondly as a restriction upon the reader and a trigger for the sense of claustrophobia as the new age approaches. Most notably he ends with a typical Yeatsian rhetorical question appealing to his audience to consider the themes beyond reading, directly relating to the audience and producing a memorable idea. As Yeats employs these poetic techniques he creates textual integrity as his ambivalent themes transcend time to appeal to many audiences with universal ideas. His layering of concept and meaning in entwining of accordance to his personal context and concerns synthesises a great whole in his poetry, one that is relatable and highly memorable.

Poverty in America

Poverty in America Free Online Research Papers Poverty There has always been a problem in America that continues to grow each year. This problem is known as poverty. To understand people from poverty, one must understand what poverty is. Ruby Payne defines poverty as, â€Å"the extent to which an individual does without resources.† In this paper, I will describe what the impact of poverty has on learning. There are eight resources that are recognized by Ruby Payne. The first resource that is recognized is Financial. Financial is defined as having the money to purchase goods and services. Second, is Emotional and this is defined as being able to handle situations emotionally through internal resources such as perseverance, choices and stamina. Third, is mental. Mental is having the acquired skills and mental capability to deal with everyday life. Forth, there is Spiritual. Spiritual is when a person believes in a greater purpose and direction. Fifth, is Physical and this is when a person has physical health and can get around. Sixth, is Support System and this is having backup resources available to access in times of need that are external resources such as: friends and family. Seventh is Relationship/Role Models and having everyday access to encouraging adults that can help children develop positively and they do not engage in negative behavior. Eight and lastly is Knowledge of Hidden Rules. Knowledge of hidden Rules is having the knowledge of the silent habits and signs of a group. There are two types of poverty described by Payne. These are Generational and situational poverty. Generational poverty is described as being in poverty for two generations. When a person comes from generational poverty, they tend to believe that someone owes them a living. Situational poverty is described as being in poverty do to a situation or situations such as but are not limited to: death, chronic illness, and divorce. When a person comes from situational poverty, they tend to have pride and do not like to ask for assistance. There are many characteristics of poverty. Poverty characteristics will surface at school and impact learning because students are very disorganized, lose papers and make excuses for why they do not have homework. Another characteristic of poverty that will impact learning is that they will not do homework or assignments and if they do it will only be part of it. Children from poverty tend to be aggressive physically. They like to handle situations their own way and laugh when they are disciplines. They also want to entertain by telling stories, etc. These children cannot monitor their own behavior because they do not feel they are doing anything wrong. They usually have trouble getting started on assignments, tasks, and anything else required of them. They have no procedural self-talk. Cueing or signals exist among groups and classes. Groups can be racial or ethnic. These hidden rules have an impact on school and work achievement. The hidden rules consist of the following: possessions, money, personality, social emphasis, food, clothing, time, educations, destiny, language, family structure, worldview, love, driving forces, and humor. Someone from poverty would believe money is for spending, while middle class would manage the money and the wealthy would invest. This is an example of the hidden rule differences among classes. Support systems are family or friends. Support systems are how one copes with daily living, problem solving options, knowing where to get information and how to use it, relief, people, resources and positive and procedural self-talk. Schools use support systems for children of poverty. Some schools have homework support. In homework support, the school has tutors to help children with their homework until it is finished and then a late bus or parents take the children home. Anther example of a school support system for children of poverty is supplemental school wide reading program. This is also known as accelerated reader programs, also known as AR. In AR, students read books and are tested on the computer over what they read. In this program, students are not penalized for what their parents cannot help them with. Discipline has been used for years to teach children to not get caught doing something they are not supposed to do. However, this does not create a desirable change. To effectively discipline children of poverty the two anchors are structure and choice. In this program, expected behaviors are clear as well as the consequences for unacceptable behavior. In this program, children can choose how they want to act but are aware of the consequences if they choose the lesser of the two. The ability to plan and systematically go through data comes from cognitive. This is a strategy that is built form mediation. Mediation is the identification of the stimulus, assignment of meaning and a strategy of identification. Cognitive strategies come from input, elaboration, and output. Instruction should be on learning and in the cognitive strategies and be part of the curriculum. One of the aspects of language is register. There are five registers in every language of the world. The five registers are as follows: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate. In the formal register, the goal is to get to the point and in casual register a person talks round and round then gets to the point. The problem that is caused or what impacts learning is tests are in formal register. In order to have formal register, one must have vocabulary and sentence structure. Most educators become frustrated with students who use casual register because they cannot get straight to the point. Casual resister is how poverty students communicate and one way to help them learn formal register. Have students write in casual and translate to formal. Make sure students understand that learning formal register can benefit them in the future to attain a better paying job or get better scores on tests. Patterns of living are realty affected by poverty. In generational poverty, most marital arrangements are common-law and most divorces come from leaving. These marriages are not recognized as legal and they do not usually have anything to split. The mother is the center of the family. Family history is usually hard to track due to the lack of marriage and most times the uncertainty to who the father is. Economic realities have a big affect on poverty children. Most of these children do not have adults that can help them with their homework. These children do not value education and will not unless we as educators build relationships with them to help them to value education and learning. To escape poverty, children need to value educational and how to use formal register to assist them with test scores. This is also important in persuading people to hire them. Therefore, poverty has a big affect on learning. Research Papers on Poverty in AmericaStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

These Wildfires Set the Country on Fire

These Wildfires Set the Country on Fire Recent fires that weve seen in the news are considered some of the worst America has had in many years. But just how do these fires compare in size to others in U.S. history? What were some of the other largest fires in U.S. history? 10. Wallow Fire. Named for the Bear Wallow Wilderness Area where the fire originated, the Wallow Fire burned 538,049 acres in Arizona and New Mexico in 2011. It was caused by an abandoned campfire. The Wallow fire caused the evacuation of more than 6,000 people as well as the destruction of 32 homes, four commercial buildings and 36 outbuildings.  The estimated cost of damages was $109 million. 9.  Murphy Complex Fire. This fire was actually a combination of six  wildfires  that merged together to create one  huge blaze. The Murphy Complex Fire hit Idaho and Nevada in 2007, burning roughly 653,100 acres. 8.  Yellowstone Fires. When most people think about wildfire, they think about the destructive Yellowstone Fires of 1988 that burned 793,880 acres in Montana and Wyoming. Similar to the Murphy Complex Fire, the Yellowstone Fire began as many small fires that merged into one large conflagration. Due to the fire, Yellowstone National Park was closed to all non-emergency personnel for the first time in the parks history. 7. Silverton Fire. Burning 1 million acres in 1865, the Silverton Fire remains the worst recorded fire in Oregon states history. 6. Peshtigo Fire. You have probably heard of the Great Chicago Fire that took place on October 8, 1871. But you may not have realized that there were other, far more destructive blazes that happened on the very same day. One of these was the Peshtigo Fire that burned 1.2 million acres in Wisconsin and killed over 1,700 people. This fire still carries the dubious distinction of being the cause of the most human deaths by fire in U.S. history.   5. Taylor Complex Fire. The year 2004 was a devastating year for Alaska in terms of wildfires. The 1.3 million acres burned in the Taylor Complex Fire were just a small portion of the 6.6 million acres burned elsewhere in the state.   4. California Summer Fires of 2008. So much of California was burning in 2008 that all of the fires were merged together to include more than 1.5 million acres of burned California land. In all, there were 4,108 fires that burned in California during the summer of 2008. Nearly 100 of these fires burned more than 1,000 and many burned tens or even hundreds of thousands of acres.   3. Great Michigan Fire. Like the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Michigan Fire was overshadowed by the Great Chicago Fire that blazed on the same day. The Great Michigan Fire burned 2.5 million acres in Michigan, destroying thousands of homes and businesses in its path. 2. and 1. The Great Fire of 1910 and the Miramichi Fire of 1825.  These two fires tie for being the largest wildland fires in U.S. history. The Great Fire of 1910 included 78 wildfires that burned 3 million acres in Idaho, Montana, and Washington, killing 86 people. The Miramichi Fire burned 3 million acres in Maine and New Brunswick, killing 160 people.

Prospects of Internationalisation of Frontex Research Paper

Prospects of Internationalisation of Frontex - Research Paper Example This paper tells that quite often firms are proved to lack the necessary support in order to expand their operations, a fact that can lead to the limitation of their profitability and may put under risk their existence in the market. On the other hand, even if a firm’s entrance in the international market is effectively supported, other issues can appear; the failure in identifying the risks that the specific initiative may include could lead the organization involved to severe damages. In fact, the above phenomenon is quite common; the responsibility of a firm’s management team for the specific problem cannot be doubted. in the study of Diamantopoulos, it is noted that ‘the methodological pitfalls of international research often lead to questionable research results’. Despite the above problems, the internationalization of firms remains the most effective strategy for the increase of their performance and for this reason it should be attempted if it is con sidered as achievable – except the case of severe operational or financial problems. The current paper examines the prospects of internationalization of Frontex, a manufacturing firm that has a significant presence in Jordan. Since its establishment the firm has achieved to increase its performance within its industry; however, gradually the internationalization of the firm has been proved to be unavoidable. The firm’s power to compete its rivals is going to be tested through its entrance in the French market. L. Kawan and J. Fayum, engineers, established Frontex in Jordan in 1986. For a long time, the firm’s operations were limited to a specific manufacturing activity: the production of drilling machines. Today, the firm's production has been expanded in a wide range of products – machinery - of similar use. The firm began its activities with about 25 employees.

International Human Resourse Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Human Resourse Management - Essay Example (Friel, 2005) It is important for the better operations of HR management that it keeps changing and evolving according to the changing needs of employees and workforce itself. It becomes particularly more central when the organizations operates or intends to operate internationally. Since the past decade, there are a number of factors that are motivating organizations to go global, these includes the Global population Changes, Economic interdependence, Regional and Political Alliance, and rapid advancement of telecommunications and swift transfer of information. Across the globe, population growth in developed and industrialized countries is decreasing, such as the European Union (EU), the United States and Japan. This decline in birth rates results in more of an aging population and that further results in lesser number of workers as well as consumers. On the other hand, in countries like China, India, Africa, Australia and other regions of the world, the population grows significantly. It is for this reason companies think of going global and have internationally established operations, by exploiting the growing, highly-potential customer base. (Cascio, 2003) Second reason why companies go global is the increasing economic interdependence. Despite of global recession, the four largest economies of the world are U.S., Japan, China, and Germany. Therefore, organizations in other countries take it as an opportunity and expand. Another driving force is the rapid advancement of telecommunications and technology. The worldwide intensification of Internet is making the information flow from one to another easier and quicker. Today, Satellite technology exists in the villages of India, China, Africa and Latin America. U.S. economy would have pulverized without the support of chips, screens and software from Asia. With this turning of

The Catcher In The Rye Essay By Jason So :: essays research papers fc

A 'Phony' Family Each and every action the children performed in school and in any place is a reflection of the quality of life they have in their own homes. Parents have a responsibility of taking care of their children and parents have the influence and impact that creates the primary personality of an individual. This influence can mold a certain individual into a responsible citizen or a rebellious delinquent as perceived in J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye". The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, interacts with many people throughout novel, but probably none have as much impact on him as certain members of his immediate family. The ways Holden acts around or reacts to the various members of his family give the reader a direct view of Holden's philosophy surrounding each member and would likely explain his actions in the story. Holden makes reference to the word "phony" forty-four separate times throughout the novel (Corbett, 1997). Each time he seems to be referring to the subject of this metaphor as -- someone who discriminates against others, is a hypocrite about something, or has manifestations of conformity (Corbett, 1997). Throughout "The Catcher in the Rye", Holden describes and interacts with various members of his family. The way he talks about or to each gives you some idea of whether he thinks they are "phony" or normal. From the very first page of the novel, Holden begins to refer to his parents as di stant and generalizes both his father and mother frequently throughout his chronicle. Holden's father is a lawyer and therefore he considers him "phony" because he views his father's occupation unswervingly as a parallel of his father's personality. "Lawyers are all right, I guess - but it doesn't appeal to me,' I said. 'I mean they're all right if they go around saving innocent guys' lives all the time, and like that, but you don't do that kind of stuff if you're a lawyer. All you do is make a lot of dough and play golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a hot-shot. How would you know you weren't being a phony? The trouble is, you wouldn't'" (Salinger, 1945). When Holden describes his mom, he always seems to do so with a sense of compassion yet also with a jeering tone. Holden makes his mom sound predictable and insincere. These phony qualities are shown in two different examples when Holden is hiding in the closet of D.

Assess the view that ethnic differences Essay

?An Ethnic minority background increases your chances of arrest and conviction, some people argue that police racism in itself results in higher suspicion against black people in general. According to official statistics there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Black and Asians are overrepresented in the system. For example black people make up 2. 8% of the population, but 11% of the prison population. Contrastingly whites are underrepresented. However such statistics do not tell us whether members of one ethnic group are more likely than members of another ethnic group to commit an offence in the first place; they just tell us about involvement in the criminal justice system. For example differences in stop and search or arrest rates may be due to police racism, while differences in rates of imprisonment may be the result of courts handing down harsher sentences on minorities. There are other sources of statistics to reveal link of ethnicity and offending. Victim surveys ask individuals to say what crimes they have been victims of. We can get information on ethnicity and offending from surveys when we ask what ethnicity of the person who committed the crime against them. For example in the case of mugging blacks are overly represented among those indentified by victims as offenders. Victim surveys show much crime is intra-ethnic; it takes place within rather than between ethnic groups. For example the British crime survey (2007) found 90% of where the victim was white; at least one of the offenders was also white. However while victim surveys are useful in identifying ethnic patterns of offending, they have several limitations. They rely on a victim’s memory of events. Ben Bowling and Coretta Phillips (2002) found whites may over identify blacks, saying the offender was black even when not sure. They only cover personal crimes, which make up 20% of all crimes. They exclude under 16s; minority ethnic groups contain a higher proportion of young people. They exclude crimes by big business; thus tell us nothing of ethnicity of white collar criminals. Thus victim surveys only tell us about the ethnicity of a small proportion of offenders, which may not be representative of offenders in general. Self report studies ask individuals to disclose their own dishonest and violent behaviour. Graham and Bowling (1995) found that blacks and whites had similar rates of offending, while Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis had lower rates. Similarly Sharp and Budd (2005) note that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found whites and mixed ethnic origin groups were more likely than blacks and Asians to say they had committed offences. The Home Office have conducted nine self report studies on drugs since the early 1990s, all with similar findings. Sharp and Budd (2005) found 27% of mixed ethnicity individuals said they had used drugs in the last year, compared to 16% of blacks and whites, and 5% of Asians. Use of class a drugs, such as heroin or cocaine was 3 times higher among whites than blacks and Asians. The findings of self report studies challenge stereotypes of blacks more likely than whites to offend, though they support the widely held view Asians are less likely to offend, however self report studies have their limitations in relation to ethnicity and offending. Overall the evidence of ethnicity and offending is inconsistent. For example while official statistics and victim surveys point to the likelihood of higher rates of offending by blacks; this is generally not the results of self report studies. There are ethnic differences at each stage of the criminal justice process. To explain them we need to look at main stages of the process that an individual may go through, possibly culminating in a custodial sentence. Phillips and Bowling (2007) argue since the 70s there have been many allegations of oppressive policing of minorities, including stop and search, deaths in custody, police violence and failure to respond effectively to racist violence. Minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched by police. Statistics show Asians were three times more likely to be searched under this act. Its thus unsurprising minorities are less likely to think police acted politely when stopped, or think they were stopped fairly. Phillips and Bowling (2007) argue these communities feel over policed and over protected and have limited faith in the police. There are three possible reasons for the disproportionate use of stop and search against minorities. Police racism; the Macpherson Report (1999) on the police investigation of the racist murder of black teenager Stephen Lawrence concluded there was institutional racism in the Metropolitan police. Other have found deeply ingrained racist attitudes among individual officers. For example Phillips and Bowling point out that many officers hold negative stereotypes about ethnic minorities as criminals, leading to deliberate targeting for stop and search. Such stereotypes are endorsed and upheld by the canteen culture of rank and file officers. Ethnic differences in offending; an alternative explanation is that the disproportionality in stop and searches simply reflects ethnic differences in levels of offending. However it’s useful to distinguish between low discretion and high discretion stops. In low discretion stops police act on relevant information about a specific offence, for example a victim’s description of the offender. In high discretion stops police act without specific intelligence. It is in these stops police can use stereotypes that disproportionality and discrimination are more likely. Demographic factors; ethnic minorities are over represented in the population groups who are most likely to be stopped such as the young, the unemployed, manual workers and urban dwellers. These groups are all more likely to be stopped, regardless of their ethnicity, but they are also groups who have a higher proportion of ethnic minorities in them, so minorities get stopped more. Figures in England and Wales show that in 2006/07, the arrest rates for blacks was 3. 6 times higher than for whites. Contrastingly once arrested blacks and Asians were less likely to receive a police caution. One reason for this may be more likely to deny the offence and likely to exercise their right to legal advice. However not admitting the offence means they cannot be let off with a caution and are more likely to be charged instead. The crown prosecution service is the body responsible for deciding whether a case brought by the police should be prosecuted in court. In doing so CPS must decide whether there is a realistic prospect of conviction and whether the prosecution is in the public’s interest. Studies suggest the CPS is more likely to drop cases against minorities. Bowling and Phillips (2002) argue this may be because the evidence presented to the CPS by the police is often weaker and based on stereotyping of ethnic minorities as criminals. When cases do go ahead minorities are more likely to elect trial before a jury in the Crown Court rather than the magistrates court, perhaps due to mistrust of magistrates impartiality. However crown courts can impose more severe sentences if convicted. Thus is interesting to note minorities are less likely to be found guilty. This suggests discrimination, in that the police and CPS may be bringing weaker or less serious cases against ethnic minorities that are thrown out by the courts. In 2006/7 custodial sentences were given to a greater proportion of black offenders (68%) than white (55%) or Asian offenders (59%), whereas whites and Asians were more likely than blacks to receive community sentences. This may be due to differences in seriousness of the offences or defendants previous convictions. However a study of 5 crown courts by roger Hood (1992) found even when such factors were taken into account, black men were 5% more likely to receive a custodial sentence, and were given sentences of an average of 3 months longer than whites. Another reason for harsher sentences id pre sentence reports (PRs) written by probation officers. A PRs is intended as a risk assessment to assist magistrates in deciding on the appropriate sentence for a given offender. However Hudson and Bramhall (2005) argue that PRs allow for unwitting discrimination. They found reports on Asian offenders were less comprehensive and suggested that they were less remorseful than white offenders. They place this bias in the context of demonising Muslims in the wake of 9/11 attacks. In 2007, one quarter of the male prison population was minorities. Blacks were five times more likely to be in prison than whites. Black and Asians were more likely to be serving longer sentences. Within the total prison population all minorities had a higher than average proportion of prisoners on remand. This is because minorities are less likely to be granted bail whilst awaiting trial. There are similar patterns in other countries, for example in USA two fifths of prison population is black. There was large scale migration from the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent in the 50s, at this time it was agreed minorities had lower crime rates. However by the 70s there was conflict between blacks and the police meaning â€Å"black criminality† became more of a problem. Contrastingly by the 90s Asian crime also became viewed as a problem. Events e. g. 9/11 cemented the idea that Asians were a threat to public order. There are two main explanations for ethnic differences in crime; left realism and neo-Marxism. Left realists Lea and Young (1993) argue ethnic differences in statistics reflect real differences in the levels of offending by different ethnic groups. Left realists see crime the product of relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation. They argue racism had led to economic exclusion of ethnic minorities who face higher unemployment, poverty and poor housing. At the same time the Medias emphasis on consumerism promotes a sense of relative deprivation by setting materialistic goals that many minorities are unable to reach by legitimate means. One response is formation of delinquent subcultures, especially by young unemployed blacks. It produces higher utilitarian crime to cope with relative deprivation. Furthermore as these groups are marginalised and have no groups to represent their interests their frustration is liable to produce non utilitarian crime such as rioting. Lea and Young acknowledge police often act in racist ways and results in unjustified criminalisation of some members of minorities. However they don’t believe discriminatory policing fully explains the statistics. For example over 90% of crimes known to the police are reported by the public rather than discovered themselves. Under these circumstances even if police act discriminatory it’s unlikely it can account for ethnic differences in statistics. Similarly Lea and Young argue we cannot explain differences in minorities in terms of police racism. For example blacks are more criminalised than Asians. The police would have to be selective in their racism for racism to cause these differences. Lea and Young thus conclude that the statistics represent real differences in levels of offending between ethnic groups and these are caused by real differences in levels of relative deprivation and marginalisation. However Lea and Young can be criticised for their views on the role of police racism. For example arrest rates may be lower for Asians because police stereotype them differently. Stereotypes may have changed since 9/11, explaining rising criminalisation of this group. While left realists see official statistics reflecting real differences in offending between ethnic groups, other sociologists have argued differences in statistics do not reflect reality. These differences are the outcome of a process of social construction that stereotypes ethnic minorities as inherently more criminal than the majority of the population. The work of neo Marxists Paul Gilroy (1982) and Stuart Hall (1979) illustrates this view. Gilroy argues the idea of black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes of African Caribbean’s and Asians. In reality these groups are no more criminal than any other. However as a result of the police and criminal justice system acting on these racist stereotypes, ethnic minorities came to be criminalised and thus to appear in greater numbers in official statistics. Gilroy argues ethnic minority crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society, and this struggle has roots in earlier struggle against British imperialism. Gilroy holds a similar view to that of critical criminology which argues working class crime is a political act against capitalism. Most blacks and Asians in the UK originated from former colonies where their anti imperialist struggles taught them how to resist oppression, for example through riots and demonstrations. When they found themselves facing racism in Britain they adopted the same form of struggles to defend themselves, but their political struggle was criminalised by the British state. However Lea, Young and Gilroy are criticised on several grounds. First generation immigrants were very law abiding, so it’s unlikely they passed their anti colonialist struggle onto their children. Most crime is interethnic, criminals and victims usually have similar ethnic backgrounds, so it can’t be seen as anti colonial struggle against racism. Lea and Young argue Gilroy romanticises street crime as revolutionary. Asian crime rates are similar to or lower than whites. If Gilroy were right then the police are only racist towards black and not Asians, which seems unlikely. Stuart Hall et al adopt a neo Marxist perspective. They argue the 70s saw a moral panic over black muggers that served the interests of capitalism. Hall et all argues the ruling class can normally rule the subordinate classes through consent. However in times of crisis this becomes more difficult. In the early 70s British capitalism faced a crisis. High inflation and rising unemployment provoked widespread industrial unrest and strikes. When opposition to capitalism was growing the ruling class may need to use force to keep control. However the use of force needs to be legitimated or provoke more resistance. The 70s also saw a media driven panic of the growth of mugging. In reality mugging was a new name for street robbery and Hall et al suggest there was no significant increase of this crime at the time. Mugging was soon to be associated by the media, police and politicians with black youth. Hall et al argues that the emergence of the moral panic about mugging as a specifically black crime at the same time as crisis of capitalism was no coincidence; the moral panic and crisis were linked. The myth of the black mugger served as a scapegoat to distract attention from the true cause of problems of unemployment, namely the crisis of capitalism. The black mugger symbolised disintegration of social order. By presenting black youth as a threat to the fabric of society the moral panic served to divide the working class on racial grounds and weaken opposition to capitalism as well as winning popular consent to authoritarian forms of rule to suppress opposition. However Hall et al do not argue that black crime was solely a product of media and police labelling. The crisis of capitalism was increasingly marginalising black youth through unemployment and drove them to a lifestyle of hustling and petty crime to survive. However Hall et al have been criticised on several grounds. Downes and Rock (2003) argue that Hall et al are inconsistent in claiming that black street crime was not rising, but also that it was rising because of unemployment. They do not show how a capitalist crisis led to a moral panic, nor do they provide evidence that the public were in fact panicking or blaming crime on blacks. Left realists argue inner city residents fears about mugging are not panicky but realistic. Until recently the focus of the ethnicity and crime debate was largely about the over representation of blacks in the criminal justice system. However recently sociologists have studied racist victimisation of ethnic minorities. Racist victimisation occurs when an individual is selected as a target because of their race, gender or religion. Racist victimisation is nothing new, but brought into public view with the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993 and the subsequent Macpherson inquiry into the police investigation. Information of victimisation comes from two main sources; the British crime survey and police recorded statistics. These generally cover racist incidents, any incident perceived to be racist by the victim or another person. They also cover racially or religiously aggravated offences where the offender is motivated by hostility towards members of a racial or religious group. The police recorded 60,000 racist incidents in England and Wales in 2006/7, mostly damage to property and verbal harassment. However most incidents go unreported; the British crime survey estimates there were 184,000 racially motivated incidents in 2006/7. The police recorded 42,600 racially or religiously aggravated offences on 06/7, mostly harassment. 10,600 people were prosecuted or cautioned for racially aggravated offences in 2006. The risk of being a victim of any sort of crime varies by ethnic group. The 2006/7 British crime survey shows people of mixed ethnic background had a higher risk of becoming a victim of crime than blacks, Asians or whites. The differences may be partly the result of factors other than ethnicity. For example for violent crime factors such as being young, male and unemployed are strongly linked to victimisation. Ethnic groups with a high proportion of young males are thus likely to have higher rates of victimisation. However some of these factors such as unemployment are themselves partly due to discrimination while the statistics record the instances of victimisation they don’t capture the victim’s experience of it. As Sampson and Phillips (1992) note racist victimisation tends to be over time with repeated minor instances of abuse with periodic physical violence. The resulting long term psychological impact needs to be added to the physical injury and damage to property caused by offenders. Members of minority ethnic communities have often been active in responding to victimisation. Responses range from situational crime prevention measures such as fireproof doors to organised self defence campaigns. Such responses need to be understood in the context of accusations of under protection by the police who often ignore the racist dimension in victimisation and fail to investigate incidents properly. For example the Macpherson enquiry (1999) concluded the police investigation into the death of black teenager Stephen Lawrence was marred by incompetence, institutional racism and failure of leadership by senior officers. Others have found deeply ingrained racist attitudes among individual officers.

Term Paper About Basketball - 2160 Words

Introduction Basketball is a athletic sport, usually played on an indoor court in which two competing teams of five layers each attempt to score by throwing an inflated ball so that it descends through one of two baskets suspended, at each end of the court, above their heads. The team scoring the most such throws, through field goals or foul shots, wins the game. Because of its continuous action and frequent scoring, basketball is one of the most popular spectator as well as participant sports in the world. Basketball, extremely popular around the world, is a court game played by two teams of five players each. The object is to put a ball through a hoop, or basket, and thus score more points than the opposing team. Although basketball can†¦show more content†¦Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics, and Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers are credited with injecting excitement into the league in the 1980s through their superior skills and decade-long rivalry. During the late 1980s Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls rose to stardom and helped the Bulls dominate the NBA during the early 1990s. A new generation of basketball stars, including Shaquille ONeal of the Orlando Magic and Larry Johnson of the Charlotte Hornets, have sustained the NBAs growth in popularity. In 1959 a Basketball Hall of Fame was founded in Springfield, Massachusetts. Its rosters include the names of great players, coaches, referees, and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game. Rules Professional, college, and high school games are similar except in length and in range of basic skills. Professional games are 48 minutes long, divided into quarters; college games, 40 minutes, played in halves; and high school games, 32 minutes, broken into quarters. If a game is tied at the end of regulation time, an overtime (3 to 5 minutes, depending on the level of competition) is played. 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