Scarlet Letter :: Free Essay Writer

Scarlet LetterThrough out the Scarlet Letter I believe that Hester and Dimmesdale do redeem themselves. I am led to infer this for Three major reasons. The first being that the sin is between man and God. In my beliefs they do non have to repent to the people for they have non sinned against them. My second reason for my opinion is that both Hester and especially Dimmesdale feel bad in their tendernesss for what they have d peerless. The third and final reason is that for every crime I feel that on that point should be an equal or greater punishment for the crime. Both of the two pay more than what is fair for the crime they committed. hell is between man and God. Being Lutheran this is a belief of mine that I live by. I believe this for when you sin it is Gods heart you are breaking, there for you must repent to him not the people. Hester does this all through out the book. She takes the scarlet letter as a personal ignominious burden. Hester carries the overawe of the A in her heart. Much deeper than just on the outside or in public. By this she shows that she is sorrowed in her heart, which in my opinion means she is repenting to God. It is very blowzy to see Dimmesdales shame and repentance in every action he carries out through out the book. Dimmesdale talks of how hard it is to preach to a congregation and save souls when his is polluted. In every action he does he feels bad for the crime he has committed and it shows with his health. For not being able to maintain peace of mind he looses sleep and proper nourishment and eventually his health for a very long period of time. When one can not obtain peace of mind in my opinion it is because ninety-nine percent of the time something is on their conscious. A conscious was God given meaning that there for Dimmesdale is constantly feeling bad begging for forgiveness from God. God is very forgiving and it is written that Jesus died on the cross to cleanse us of our sins. My rendering of this means to me that Dimmesdale repenting with his whole heart will be forgiven. If one is inline with God I feel that they are redeemed. There are cases in the bible where it says if one is to sin against the people or the church then he must confess in front of those he

Summary Of The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Summary of The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby is a book ab knocked out(p) rich people that arefighting about women, money etcetera After I read this book Irealized that even if you are rich you dont have to behappy. There are two master(prenominal) characters Nick Carraway and JayGatsby, both rich men. Heres the story in a shortversion... Nick Carraway is a young man from a wealthyfamily, living in a Middle Western city. The Carraways are nighthing of a clan actually. Nicks grandfather came herein 1851 and started a business, which his father carries ontoday. Nick graduated from Yale University in 1915, and justa little later he was in the Great War. When he came back hedecided to go East and learn the confederation business. He came Eastpermanently in the spring of 1922. He found a house on theisland which extends due East of New York. He has abeautiful house in a place called West Egg. That was on LongIsland.He made contact with his neighbor living closest tohim, Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby was a very rich man with anenormous property. His house had a big lawn, a swimming pooland an exclusive garden. Despite all his money, he wasnt avery happy man. There was no woman in his life, justservants. His way of getting in touch with people wasthrough his parties. He had parties in his home all thetime. The house always got messed up, so the servants had alot to do the day after the party. Nick got to know a lot of people, some better thanothers. One of the people he met was a man called TomBuchanan. He was the kind of man nobody likes. When he gotangry, he would take it out on his wife, Daisy. He wouldbeat her, once he even broke her nose. He always got drunkat parties and started arguments. He was also a cheater. Hehad a mistress named, Myrtle Wilson. She lived in anexpensive apartment in New York, which Tom paid for. Daisy knew about Toms affair with Myrtle she just neer spoke a word to him about it. She actually fell in

Conflict Essay -- Character Analysis, Chuck, Li-Young Lee

Chuck and Li-Young Lee have no idea who the hellhole they are. Both are similar characters from two different books by two different authors but they are looking for the same thing identity element and what quadriceps they occupy? Chuck identifies with the New York scene and type of people living there, but does not have a space or identity of his take in just as Lee is confused about who he is and must dive into meta-poetics to find his space and identity. Both are lost in a haze of confusion, and must look very hard both within themselves, as well as friends, family, heritage, and the history surrounding their lives. This paper will find out the historical and ethnic conflicts of the characters and how they come to reconcile their space and identity in a foreign land dealing with these issues. Some of these issues stem from misrepresented information and initial prejudice while others rise from a lack of personal information, and building upon ones past and history and their p ersonal perception of themselves occupying a space.In the commence of the text Chuck identifies with his New York identity as well as being a renaissance man rather than having a named identity (Naqvi, 1). He does notice forced identities that he is not part of or had been part of before Wed become Japs, Jews, Niggers. We werent before (Naqvi, 1). Chuck notices these identities and space being made he feels something of forced inclusion into a space that had not been there before. Not apparent at first, Chuck has a severed connection with his heritage, when thinking of what victuals to eat, eating home food, comfort food, alone made me shudder (Naqvi, 32) He cannot even bring himself to eat the food he grew up on. This is further reinforce in that he does not cont... .... But he wants to accept the American identity as well, but its sensual, salient nowness, punctuating the void from which such hunger springs and to which it publication (Lee, 84). Through his acceptance of his East Asian identity his soul is cleaved so that the soul might be restored. His soul is split, but by his own doing, he must accept his hyphenated identity, embrace it, and accept it.Though both characters come to find their identity and space, historical and ethnic struggles haunt and follow them along the way. incomplete characters are accepted in the American culture, and have to identify with others in their position. This causes much heartache and a sudden shock to the character. But with persistence, these characters find their identity though not what they might have expected or originally wanted, they became part of something that would accept them.

Free College Essays - A Separate Peace :: A Separate Peace Essays

  A Separate Peace   Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a step toward him, and then my knees bent and I      jounced the   limb.  This is a quotation from the novel A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles.  My   focus in the following lead be on Mans Inhumanity to Man.  There is a strong relation of   this to the novel for which I read.   My first point which I will talk about is about Finnys tragic fall and how Gene was      the cause of it.  My support from the story is Finnys desire to jump from the tree.  Gene said that he was   flood tide to join him but Finny reminded him about studying.  Genes thoughts on the matter   were, He had never been jealous of me for a second.  Now I knew that there never was and   never could live with been any rivalry between us, I couldnt stand this.  My second support   is Genes actions leading to the ac cident.  He took a step toward the trunk, put his knees   and jounced the limb.  Thus, Finny lost his balance and tumbled to the ground.  My trinity   support goes back to the scene of the accident after Gene watches Finny fall.  And he   thinks to himself, It was the first clumsy physical action I had ever seen him make.  More less, this is a sign of pride within Gene as he watches the good athlete, Finny fall   out of the tree.     My second point is on the scene where Brinker brings Finny and Gene to the fling footrace   to let everyone know the real truth about the cause of the accident.  In other words, it was a   way of blasting away Gene and shoving his theme as a respected individual into the   ground.  My support from the story is when Brinker and three acquaintances come into Gene   and Finnys dorm and pull them out.  After they entered the Assembly Room, Brinker   remarks, You see how Finny limps.  This invent was the beginning of his plan to set the   truth loose, or primarily break the friendship link between Finny and Gene.  Brinker chose   the Assembly Room as the setting for this trial since there is nothing humorous about the   place.  It is a place which would be terrible for Genes sake to talk about the cause of   the accident.

Growth of Sammy in John Updikes A&P :: A&P John Updike

The Growth of Sammy in Updikes A & P In the story A&P, by John Updike, the main vitrine Sammy makes the leap from an adolescent, knowing little more ab out life than what he has learned working at the local grocery store, into a man lively for the rough road that lies ahead. As the story begins, Sammy is nineteen and has no real grasp for the fact that he is about to be living on his induce working to support himself. Throughout the course of the story, he transforms with a definite step into, first, a young man realizing that he must plump out of the hole he is in and further into a man, who has a grasp on reality looking forward to starting his own family. In the beginning, Sammy is but a youth growing up learning what he knows about life in small town grocery store. His role models include, Stokesie, the twenty-two year-old, sustenance a family doing the kindred job Sammy does yet aspiring to one day confound the managers position, and Lengel, the store manager who most certainly started out in the same place that Stokesie and he were already in. Stoksie, the great role model, continues to be as adolescent as Sammy, with his Oh, Daddy, I feel so faint, and even Sammy sees this noting that as far-off as I can tell thats the only difference (between he and I). Sammy whittles away his days looking at pretty girls and thinking about the slipway of people. He hardly realizes that this is how he will spend his entire existence if he doesnt soon get out of this job. During this day that will prove to change his life, he makes the step towards his realization. He decides that he doesnt want to spend the rest of his life working at an A&P competing for the store managers position. Sammy thinks to himself about his parents period social class and what they serve at cocktail parties. And, in turn, he thinks about what he will be serving, if he stays at the A&P, When my parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if its a real racy affair Schlitz in ta ll glasses with Theyll Do It Every Time cartoons stenciled on. He must get out and the sooner the better. He is still just an adolescent who hasnt completely thought through his decision and yet his mind is made up.

Growth of Sammy in John Updikes A&P :: A&P John Updike

The Growth of Sammy in Updikes A & P In the story A&P, by lav Updike, the main character Sammy makes the leap from an adolescent, knowing little more ab protrude life than what he has learned working at the local grocery reposition, into a man prepared for the rough road that lies ahead. As the story begins, Sammy is nineteen and has no real grasp for the fact that he is about to be quick on his ingest working to support himself. Throughout the course of the story, he changes with a definite step into, first, a young man realizing that he mustiness get out of the hole he is in and further into a man, who has a grasp on reality looking forward to starting his own family. In the beginning, Sammy is but a youth growing up learning what he knows about life in small town grocery store. His usage models include, Stokesie, the twenty-two year-old, supporting a family doing the same job Sammy does yet aspiring to one day have the managers position, and Lengel, the store manager who mo st certainly started out in the same place that Stokesie and he were already in. Stoksie, the great role model, continues to be as adolescent as Sammy, with his Oh, Daddy, I feel so faint, and til now Sammy sees this noting that as far as I can tell thats the only difference (between he and I). Sammy whittles away his days looking at pretty girls and cerebration about the ways of people. He hardly realizes that this is how he go out spend his entire existence if he doesnt soon get out of this job. During this day that will prove to change his life, he makes the step towards his realization. He decides that he doesnt want to spend the rest of his life working at an A&P competing for the store managers position. Sammy thinks to himself about his parents current social class and what they serve at cocktail parties. And, in turn, he thinks about what he will be serving, if he stays at the A&P, When my parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if its a real racy affair Schlitz in tall glasses with Theyll Do It Every Time cartoons stenciled on. He must get out and the sooner the better. He is still just an adolescent who hasnt completely thought through his decision and yet his mind is make up.

Brahma

TO Emerson, this is all the identical. Moreover, the Spirit, essence Of life, cannot be killed. It is eternal, without beginning or end. Death is (as is killing) an illusion. This ignorance of the slayer and the slain come directly from the turn chapter of the Baghdad Gait, a sacred Hindu text Emerson studied and admired. Check it out here. Emerson is saying (as Brahmas) that death is the aforementi unrivalledd(prenominal) as life, and that killing someone is the same as not. Theyre all relative concepts. For example, say I killed someone.You may call me a murderer, then. However, what if killed someone to save an old woman being mugged? Then Im a hero. Everything is circumstantial, and to Brahmas, it is all the same. Brahmas is in everything. Therefore, hes beyond such words as far, because far would be relative to a point. Brahmas is all points, so everything is as close and equally far. There is always something infinitely bright in one of these points and always something inf initely dark. Therefore, again, these are relative and Brahmas has no interest in them.Brahmas is also unaltered to him, something too far into the past to remember is just occurring, and something in the future is also happening. There are a couple diverse ways of looking at this. Catholicism puts God in a similar situation, called The Eternal NOW if you read mathematical mysticism (drawn from mathematics, Descartes. And eastern philosophy), you may consider this a seventh dimension, in which Brahmas (and to a degree Emerson and all of us, as since Brahmas touches all of us, we all are part of Brahmas) is part of all time that at the same time not part of any of it.A lot of this is pulling from an Davit Pedant idea called Non-Self, something drawn upon by countless others (Emerson called it the oversell), n which everyone is part of a public font of spiritual power, all times and peoples coexisting, drawing on each others energy. If Brahmas is everyone and everything, separa tion from everyone and everything would make them reckon you ill. He combines in reckon ill some(prenominal) wishing for illness upon as closely as reckon ill of mind Fly here might mean the way one flies a flag, only Brahmas is conceived as a bird.Or fly/ here might mean flee, and the wings may be chasing the person in flight. Brahmas (or the oversell) is what enables action to take keister without Brahmas and the interconnectivity of everyones powers, wed all be stones in the road. Brahmas is never pictured with a weapon, unlike most of if not all of the major Hindu gods. While Brahmas is strong, it is not in a physical sense, not in a RED SLAYER sort of sense. Its in passiveness, something both Emerson and his buddy Thoreau were big on.The sacred Seven is another(prenominal) title for the Spearfish, directly juxtaposed here with the strong gods that pine. These seven sages, or risks, work under the guidance of the Brahmas. Though there are different lists with different names, a common one names them as follows Boring, Atria, Angoras, Vistas, Pulsates, Phallus and Karat. The sacred seven could also refer to the Startups, or seven sacred cities. Hinduism said that, if one were to visit all seven within his lifetime, one escapes the life death cycle (Samara), achieveing mimosa. Emerson was well versed in Hinduism.This also brings to mind the symbolism of be (kn profess to Jews and Sabbaticals as geometric), saying that putting faith into numbers is in vain. If you find Brahmas (here, one may posit the name of whatever deity in which they believe), youre more or less much set, right? Then why would he say to turn his game on heaven? Consider this why practice religion? To attain heaven, yes? To gain entrance to something better? But then, that would make practicing religion (something Emerson didnt much like, as Emerson condemned all institutions) for the self, and not for God.Instead, if you attempt to find God in your own way, then you are really doin g it for God, not for your own salvation. For that reason, then, turn your back on heaven, and look for God. Only then will you be privy to Brahmas and his astute ways. Greatly influenced by a sacred text of Hinduism, Kathy-Punished, Brahmas s a philosophical explication Of the universal spirit by that name. The poetic form of elegiac quatrain is use to represent the solemn nature of the subject. Throughout the poem, Brahmas appears as the only loudspeaker, sustaining the continuity of the work.That the spirit is the only speaker signifies not only its absolute nature but also its sustaining power, upon which the existence of the entire universe-?metaphorically, the poem-?is based. The poem begins by examining the common-essentials view that the spirit ends with ones death. Even though the body may be destroyed, Brahmas, which resides in each undivided as the fountain of life, never ceases to exist If the red slayer think he slays,/ Or if the slain think he is slain, They know no t well the subtle ways/ I keep. When the body is destroyed, the poet maintains, the spirit will appear again, likely in a different form. By employing the examples of both the slayer and the slain, the speaker is suggesting not only the prevalence of their view (that the spirit may not be eternal) but also the dichotomy that normally characterizes a persons perception. The psychotic recurs in the second stanza, in which opposite notions such as far and near, shadow and sunlight, vanishing and appearing, and shame and fame are juxtaposed.To the speaker, who unifies the universe, the seemingly unbridgeable differences between opposite concepts can be perfectly resolved hence, the paradoxical statements. Abrahams great power is further described in the third stanza, where the spirit states that it comprehends yet transcends everything-?both the doubter and the doubt, the subject and object, and bailiwick and mind. In addition, the rhyme scheme befittingly enforces the spirits interwea ving power, yielding a sense of wonder based on unusual metrical symmetry.Different from the otherworldly spirit in Hinduism, however, the transcendental spirit represented by Brahmas in this poem leads the follower not to Heaven but to this world. By using the conjunction t)UT in the give out stanza, Emerson prepares his reader for his MM,n interpretation of the universal spirit. The concluding statement that justifies self-sufficient existence in this world, But thou, meek lover of the good / Find me, and turn thy back on heaven, makes this poem characteristically Impression. Brahmas is a poem written by Ralph Wald Emerson. Brahmas is the Creator in Hinduism. Brahmins in the line l am the hymn the Brahmins sings. is emphatically not a coincidence that it has o meanings. One meaning is a socialite who has great power and the other meaning is a high priest in Hinduism. Basically, this poem is said by Brahmas to his people. Hes saying that people sometimes forget him, but if you a re good, you shouldnt. This poem is written as four stanzas with four lines in each. It is rhymed as ABA. It is written in pyrrhic-tetrameter (no stresses).

Migration Stories Essay Family Story Essay

This paper will take a key interest in the migration story of my p atomic number 18nts Barbara Heinemann and Kirby Clark and their story in relation to identify the factors that shaped the migration and resettlement of migrants in the 1980s and the Australian governments policies and wants. How the processes of alienation and assimilation alter migrants who came from a western purification and how acceptance and mateship was difficult to find in Australians. I will do this while comparing the similarities that other migrants in Australia and near the globe faced and different migration trends in the 1980s. The paper will also discuss migration and what set voluntary migrants apart from other peck and particularly the predisposition for migrant children to become migrants themselves.During the early 1980s comparable much of the world Canada was experiencing a recession. Many state were in fear of losing their jobs in the current environment. I was very nervous abtaboo cut rea rs at PWC (PricewaterhouseCoopers). From what I k in the raw at the time, Australia wasnt affected nearly as much as Canada was so I decided Id try my luck in Australia on a 2 year working/holiday. (). Many such companies were being further by the Australian government to bring immigrants with particular Professional skills, business experience (). Many of the people that decided to take up the opportunity provided by organisations like PricewaterhouseCoopers never intended on staying in Australia. When I first arrived I thought Id always be loss home, like most of the people I worked with were expats they all thought they were going to go home after their visa was up(). By the mid 1980s Canada had pulled out of the worst of the recession. By the time I left Canada the recessions was pretty much over. I was in a rut, I wanted something new and a 2 year working/holiday in Australia was my way out, but when I arrived I saw that the recession wasnt over in Australia (). Australias dexterous country policies made it easy for mean migrants to obtain permanent residence. Almost all of the people we worked with at PwC, who where expats decided to stay, we were practically handed permanent residence ().In the 1980s the governments desire to develop the financial sectors and technological sectors saw an increase in demand for workers and an increase in income to those who worked in them. migration policies refocused on highly skilled workers, whetherpermanent or temporary (). Skilled workers were in high demand all over the world and Australia being so isolate could simply stomach decreased the desire for people to move there but the Australian government may experience had 1 of the best immigrant recruitment policies due to the huge percentage of skilled workers that it took in comparison to some other countries.Australia became home to any new migrant families in the late 1980s and early 1990s, umteen of the temporary workers applied and received perman ent residency. Almost all of the expats at PwC stayed in Australia, and most of them married each other or an Australian. (). Australia has become one of the worlds most diverse countries if non number one or two. 24 percent of Australias population was natural oversea and another 26 percent have one or bother p bents born(p) overseas. This number will only increase with children from the migrants that arrived in the 1980s and 1990s fitting old enough to be part of the statistics. At most schools it seems to be a higher percentage than 26 that have p bents from overseas and some the same as 24 that were born overseas.In the 1980s migrants decided to stay in Australia and to make it their home as no one was from the same place their lives together were in Australia Me being Canadian and my wife being English we didnt have a shared home other than Australia. We both love it here why would we think of moving to either of the others? (nkob). Im from Toronto in Canada and Barbara is from Vancouver, we didnt have a shared annals in Canada, we came to Australia at different times but wed made ourselves a home here, wed gotten married in 1988, bought a house in 1989 and had a son in 1991 (). After about 5-10 years many migrants who arrived in the 1980s realised that they probably wouldnt be going back home to live.For many it would have been an hard concept to deal with. I realize that after about 3 years I thought I probably wouldnt be going back to Canada but it didnt really hit me till I was here for the 7th year (). I always thought Id be going home until my son was about 5, I decided that this is our home now. Ill probably go home more than when my parents get older and are unable to take care of themselves (). Many of the skilled temporary workers thought theyd be going back to their homeland but most didnt, about 75 percent of the staff at PricewaterhouseCoopers that came from overseas went home after their 2 years. I only remember about four people g oing back totheir home countries. ()All migrants face some Alienation when they arrive in a new country. Even people who come from western countries feel some sort of alienation. It may not have been culturally that they had problems. Socially the migrants that were seen as temporary were not accepted their Australian co-workers didnt see the point of getting to know them if they were here temporarily. The expats stayed together most of the time. The Australians werent rude but they just didnt care it took years to get to know an Australian from work, I was only temporary in their eyes. The Australians were also into buying a house and setting up their families. Most of the expats were here to party, it was called a working/holiday for a reason, wed go out together most nights of the week (). The new migrants didnt know where to go or what to do in Australia. Im sure I would of figured life out by myself but all newcomers were taken under an others wing shown where to go and which places were the cheapest and the best (). Some of the migrants are still feel alienated today.Theyre not from a different ethnic accentuate from many Australians. The difference is there isnt a Canadian or an Irish or an English community. In some ways it may have been easier to come here from a country where many of people have come earlier. I have been living in Australia for 23 years and I still get asked how presbyopic Im visiting for, or where in the states Im from (). They may not be discriminated against but as soon as they open their mouths many of the migrants get labelled as temporary. Assimilation was also something that these migrants had to overcome, most Australians at the time that were the same age as most skilled migrants were starting to settle down, buy houses and starting families. we didnt really have much contact with Australians our age they were either younger or older at either ends of their professional carriers. ().Many kept part of the culture from thei r homeland with them or their previous routine. In Canada I played fruitcake hockey at a high level and for the first 6 or 7 years I was in Australia I continue to play, becoming all Australian a few times. I remember Paul played rugby at a high level in Ireland and continued that here as well. Being considered Australian is a hard thing for a lot of migrants to deal with psychologically I dont have a home country, Im more of a global citizen, Im a Canadian citizen, apermanent resident in Australia but I wouldnt call either my home. Im a Canadian in Australia and an Australian in Canada. ()Assimilation in Australia is hard to desexualise with there being so much diversity it maybe not be a big issue with people having to assimilate with Australian culture if they already come from a western cultured country.During the 1980s migrants were migrating in the search for jobs and to escape from prosecution. Canada, the States and Australia had a huge influx of Asian people predominantly from Hong Kong and Taiwan ,about 50 percent of peopled the immigrated to Australia in the 1980s were from Asia(). In the 1980s and 1990s a large number of immigrants that arrived in Australia came from Asian, Middle eastern countries and India. When I first arrived I didnt see that many migrants that were from Asia, particularly Indian people in comparison to the number in Canada but over the next 6 or so years I saw a huge increase of Asian, Indian and Middle Eastern people around the city ().Australia was being Asianised not as in a invasion but that instead of most migrants being from Europe many more where coming from Asia and the government was being more accepting to non Anglophone people. When I first arrived Australia wasnt a multicultural country in comparison to what id undergo in Canada, but as time went on it became very diverse very quickly. It became the Australia they had been promoting. In the financial sector most of the immigrants were from Europe or trades uni on America but in the Information technology sectors the Asian and Indian people were the majority. Most of the people that came to PwC where I was working were from the UK/Ireland, Germany or North America but in the Tech department I dont think there was a person that wasnt Chinese or Indian ().The reason why countries were looking for skilled migrants, migrants with capital and entrepreneurial migrants was that these migrants usually such migrants would find a niche for themselves, perhaps as initiators of the new industries (). Migrants are people free to change their lives in an instant. Someone whos willing to leave their homeland and go out into the world, move half way around the world and try their hand at something is someone to be admired. Migrant families also tend to not stay in one spot for long or usually someone in the family makes a similar decision as one oftheir forefathers to try something else. migrants are different from everyone else I think, theyre willing t o take a chance, to risk everything, they are looking for an adventure.Although my grandparents moved to Canada from England, I never knew them but from a young age I had a desire to see the world, may have been from the stories from Bob our next door neighbour, none of my brothers or sisters moved away from home. () Is being a migrant hereditary? It seems that people whose parents have migrated or family members have migrated before are predisposed to do so themselves. Do I think its genetically inherited no I think its a frame of mind and previous experiences. My parents moved from Germany to Canada after World War II, the fact that they were migrants didnt persuade me to go in anyway but the face that Id travelled a lot when I was younger did have an effect on me I always entertained the thought that I might not be a Canadian forever. ()It may also be the fact that people that are 1st generation citizens of their country dont actually identify themselves with that country. I was born in Canada but because both my parents are German, I considered myself more German then Canadian which makes it much more confusing for me now living in Australia whether I am Australian, Canadian or German. () Both my parents are Canadian when I talk about home I talk about Canada despite the fact that I never lived there and I was born in Australia, at school I was always considered Canadian. I dont think Ill be in Australia much longer, theres so much more out there to experience()This essay has explored what factors shaped the migration and resettlement of my family and skilled migrants in the 1980s. It also discussed the processes of alienation and assimilation that skilled migrants faced in the 1980s placing particular emphasis on temporary workers. Whilst comparing both of these with other migrants in Australia and worldwide and other migration trends. Finally I will explore how migrants differ and what influences people to migrate and the effect it has on the next gener ation and their beliefs and the disposition they have into becoming migrants themselves.Reference Listhttp//science.jrank.org/pages/10225/Migration-in-World-History-Global-versus-Nationalist-Perspectives.html

Evaluate the effectiveness of the various ways in which participation and democracy could be strengthened in the UK?

The decline in policy- qualification participation in the UK over recent years, especially the continuous decrease in forms of partisan aligned involvement in formal processes and initiations of democracy, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as general elections, has prompted a range of new proposals aimed at tackling political diseng termment. The military groupiveness of these various methods by which participation and democracy in the UK can be streng becauseed will be evaluated and examined in this essay.One method proposed in response to political disengagement is to increase the frequency of available polling stations, thereby increasing the proximity between the polling stations and heaps homes, as well as the frame of locations, including places much(prenominal) as shopping centres, which argon frequently visited by the public on a daily basis. By doing this, it would provide more people with the fortune to go and cast their takes, by making available a more practical and e asy cream, particularly for those on a tight and busy schedule.Furthermore, since people have long hours during the working week, or have long commutes that disincentivise going to a polling station, recommendations much(prenominal) as weekend pick out could also increase the government issue of potential voters, by offering them more time to vote, and at a time when they would likely be less tired and more amenable to the intellect of going to their local voting booth. An new(prenominal) alternative is to wholeow votes to be taken anywhere, if all polling stations have an online connection to a central shew.The vantage of this, aside from increasing the practicality of voting, is that, with the vote being recorded on a computerised register, multiple votes from the same elector can be pr positi wizd. However, by increasing the approachability of polling stations, the cost of administration also needs to be taken into account, especially if doing this will not have a profou nd effect, in which case it whitethorn not be worth the money and effort, which would be calld elsewhere. Also, the difficulty in estimating the security of a system of voting with a central computerised register is another thing that must be considered.Furthermore, other suggestions to combat a deficiency of political participation include ways of making voting place more likeable to the public. One way would be to designate pick Day to a special public spend, thereby making the nature of the event seem more exciting, as well as garnering interest in politics and perhaps less apathy. However, those against such an idea, press that a public holiday precisely for elections would cause a halt in the economy and day-to-day business, since many would not be working and instead by engaging in more leisurely activities.It therefore may not be worth holding a public holiday for elections tending(p) the inconveniences incurred, particularly since it may not necessarily guarantee a s urge in the descends voting. The other way by which voting could be made more attractive voice is by including a none of the above option on balloting papers, since one more option and thereby another viewpoint is also considered in such a formal political process. Those who, whatsoever reason, do not politically align themselves with any particular party are also given a chance to express their opinions.Although, even though this may gene regulate an increase in the number of people turning up at polling booths, one would not be wrong to query whether many would actually bother in making the journey and waiting in line just to express their admonition of all that was on offer. Furthermore, the inclusion of such an option, despite possibly raising articulated lorry figures, actually encourages political abstention, since their vote carries no relevance to the aim of the process, which is to use public votes to determine which constituent holds majority consent.Also recommended as a way of increasing participation in popular processes in the UK, is the introduction of autocratic voting. Time aims to increase the election turnout with obligatory ballot casting, so to say that failure to appear at a polling station on Election Day would be made legally punishable, such as by dint of a small fine, like the current Australian system. Proponents argue that an increase turnout with this method would make the majority party or coalition that forms the government appear more legitimate and therefore have a positive eye mask effect on society.It would also lead to an increase in political awareness and education because, once people are compelled, it is logical that they would make a greater effort to cast an informed vote. Moreover, an increase in politically aware citizens with a wealth of knowledge could imply an increase in levels of active participation in other form of political life. Furthermore, it ensures that public responsibility is not shirked, as we ll as creating an enhanced sense of community.In addition, mandatory voting can be said to reduce the role of money in campaigns, as well as counteracting negative campaigning by whatever political parties, since there is little to be gained from sly tactics aimed purely and persuading opposition voters to stay at home. Nonetheless, it is cardinal to acknowledge that this method also has epoch-making drawbacks, namely the limit on freedom, which is widely seen as a constitutional right.The right to vote can also contain the right not to vote and be apolitical and opponents of this method argue that, just because one does not vote for a particular political party, does not mean they are unbiassed or lack political knowledge and insight, but are merely unconvinced with the political candidates or discouraged from voting due to a lack of trust in politicians, only heightened by the recent string of expenses scandals.Furthermore, some people believe that if a voters will if to stay at home, then the turnout must reflect this and such a system would hide rather than solve the problem, allowing the government to ignore important implementing measures to actually confront the root causes of voter disengagement.Additionally, asides from an increased probability in donkey voting, whereby people would hastily cast an uninformed vote, with a bias in opt of the top candidate on the ballot, many have argued that such a system would not guarantee absolute co-operation and would only serve to cause complications, increased anger at the government and give rise to other problems. Another way which has been proposed as a office of reducing political disengagement is inducement voting, where people will be given an incentive to vote.The triple main ways of rewarding people for voting are a flat rate payment, perhaps ?5 to ?10 for each voter a national lottery with a very exclusive number of large prizes, generally currency a constituency-based lottery, in which one p articular voter from each constituency wines a substantial prize, probably in relation to the size of the electorate. Proponents of incentive voting argue that these methods of rewarding are good because, giving people money for getting involved as opposed to demanding participation provides a generally more pleasant and positive aura around the social unit voting process.Furthermore, such a tactic would not stigmatise non-voters, instead working on the premise that if one chooses note to vote, it is their own personal loss. On the other hand, many believe that casting a ballot for pure personal gain, which is essentially what incentive voting can be seen to promote, is arguably worse than complete non-involvement. Also, incentive voting could lead to an increase in ill-considered votes, especially for those at the top of the ballot paper, as one is more likely turn up and hastily cast their vote, if they know that they will possibly gain cash prize.Furthermore, since no such con cept of shoe leather cost, as there would be under a fines system, people have no reason to cast an informed and fitting vote. Another argument against this system is that it is disproportionally attractive to the poor, who would value the incentive offer more than their richer counterparts. In addition, such a system would not work on all citizens who at present are generally politically disengaged, because many of the rich would not feel it necessary to turn up and neither would those who define the prospect of gambling unattractive.Therefore, many feel that the success of such a method is enigmatical in actually attracting a healthy number of voters, whatever their background, as well as the great levels of cost involved and difficulty of organisation. Additionally, some have pushed for postal voting to become more typical, alongside the option of visiting polling booths. By enabling people to cast a vote via the post makes voting easier and more practical, thereby increasing voter engagement and making it more widespread, particularly since it provides greater opportunities for elderly or disabled people, who cannot easily access a polling station, to vote.Also, the popularity of postal voting is apparent in statistics taken from a recent poll conducted after the all-postal pilots in the 2003 elections, with 67% agreeing that this is an improvement and only 5% who expressed discontent with the system. Furthermore, at the 2005 general election, 12. 1% of the UK electorate voted by post, three times greater than that in 2001. This growing trend in postal voting shows public support and consensus of the system, illustrating that it really could be a viable option in tackling political disengagement. While there are benefits to postal voting, the negatives to the system are also significant.Firstly, there is also a reliance on the postal service to make sure the votes do not get lost if they were to be misplaced before they could be counted it could have a significant effect on the outcome of the election and render the process ineffective in the eyes of the public. Furthermore, postal voting does not act as a declaration to all factors of non-voting it will not make the electorate any more informed or likely to participate in voting, or reconnect the politically disengaged, only the jobless and lazy who are unwilling to make the journey to the polling booths.Also, many have argued that it is difficult to be certain that the person casting the vote is actually the person the vote is registered to and impossible to guarantee that the vote was cast secretly and not under duress. Therefore, given the widespread evidence of fraud and inherent risks of security and silence that cannot realistically be overcome, at least not anytime soon, many are firmly against postal voting becoming more widely used. Furthermore, with the UK being at the forefront of technological advancement, E-voting is widely seen as the potential next step in the advancedisation of political participation through voting.This system of voting incorporates modern technology through text, the profits, as well as via digital television. Even at polling stations, touch screen voting machines and electronic scanners could be used to hasten up the process. This would greatly encourage participation amongst the young, which at present are the group least likely to vote, and technologically savvy, as well as appealing to the general public because of the diminished shoe-leather costs compared to going to a polling station.Those who are for E-voting argue that online voting would provide better links about the vote and discipline on how votes should be based, thereby giving the public more political knowledge, thus leading to informed decisions. The increase in political awareness from such a system can also be seen as a way of inspiring participation in other fields of politics. Furthermore, since all votes are logged in electronically, proponent s argue that the counting process is more or less instant and thereby quicker and more efficient.Although, E-voting has a potential to increase the number of voters, there is also a very high potential for fraud. For example, resourceful hackers, and not the registered voters, could possibly determine the outcome, particularly since the act of conducting an election on the internet may be seen as a challenge to some hackers. Furthermore, it is debatable whether the high levels of security demanded have yet been reached and there is also no clear way of ensuring that the vote was cast in secret and without undue pressure.Those opposed to E-voting have also argued the lack of success in causing a considerable increase to turnout in E-voting pilots. Some people, including political parties such as the Liberal Democrats, argue that political disengagement, particularly amongst younger people, can be address by lowering the voting age from 18 to 16. Politicians, such as Nick Clegg, have argued that if at 16 you are legally able to emerge home, begin a family, be in full time employment, join the army and therefore die for your country and make important decisions about your future, then you should be given the right to vote.Aside from some believing this to be the correct and moral thing to do, giving 16-17 year olds the right to vote means you are providing them with full citizen rights and in having these rights they will feel more respected and exercise their right to vote. Denying them the vote would give them and society as a whole the impression that the government sees their views as invalid and that voting is not the way to express their opinions.However, some are opposed to this, not only because it is unconventional and questionable that the UK is ready for such a historic change to our political and democratic system, but also because not all younkers are equally as enthusiastic about politics and given the vote, would use it. Therefore some argue that this idea would not work to significantly increase general participation. Nevertheless, given that, with citizenship education, youth engagement campaigns, 24-hours news and high-speed interactive media, we in the UK have the most politically aware generation ever, many see lowering the voting age as a worthy enough step to take.Furthermore, proponents for lowering the voting age argue that the benefits would extend to other forms of political participation. This is because youths will have the opportunity to access a wealth of political knowledge and thereby may be motivated to be politically active in other ways, such as joining both official government and independent organisations. Additionally, some have argued for the government to make direct democracy more prominent, such as by holding referendums on key political issues more frequently than in the past.The agreed referendum on the voting system for general elections in the UK in April 2011 is an example of the actions that the government is taking to get more of the public politically involved. Proponents of greater opportunities for direct democracy argue that political engagement is encouraged through public knowledge that they have a direct say in the decision making process and could very well influence the outcome of important decisions. Thus, prompting more to care and increase their political awareness and involvement and be less apathetic.In conclusion the methods examined can all, to some extent, be set forth as strengthening participation in the UK. Methods involving an increased availability of voting locations, as well as other enabling other voting, such as E-voting and via post, are all practical solutions to general apathy and laziness when it comes to voting in elections in the UK. Such methods do not however address all sections of society, namely the indefinitely apolitical.Furthermore, scheme such as compulsory voting and incentive voting, although increasing election turnout figures on paper, cannot be seen as representing a genuine desire to be politically active and again, the additional voters drawn from such schemes are, for the most part, not very likely to engage in other forms of political participation. In addition, although the notion for making Election Day a public holiday may seem an appealing solution, it is debatable such a scheme could work.And the opportunity cost to the economy will be another factor for politicians to consider. Also apparent when examine the proposed schemes is the prospective monetary cost of implementing them, particularly the incentive voting and E-voting, which includes the high costs of technology. Another issue to be addressed is whether or not it is sensible to lower the voting age to 16, given that much of the younger tier of voters (18-25) who are able to vote, are the least likely group to do so.Furthermore, on the topic of referendums increasing involvement in democratic processes is dubious, since turnout in general, has not been particularly strong. Therefore, all the methods vary in their effectiveness of strengthening public participation in political and democratic procedures. Even though every approach does, to some degree, increase engagement, they all have costs, whether in relation to practicality or money, which need to be considered.

French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet Essay

1. EssayExplain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the french RevolutionLibertyEqualityBrotherhoodHubris monetary irresponsibilityDemocracyTechnology2. Napoleonic TimelineFor each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event.August 15, 1769Napoleon nap was born.Ajaccio, CorsicaJuly 4, 1776The Declaration of Independence was approved by the Second Continental Congress meeting in the Pennsylvania State House. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaJuly 14, 1789The citizens of genus Paris ignited the French Revolution by storming the Bastille prison and released seven prisoners. ParisSeptember 21, 1792The monarchy was abolishedFranceJanuary 21,1793King Louis XVI was executed.ParisAugust 22, 1795The Constitution of the year III was adopted.FranceNovember 1517, 1796The skirmish of Arcola which was the decisive battle during Napoleons defeat. Arcole , Italy1798Napoleon persuaded the ruling to invade Egypt.Malta, Egypt, and SyriaNovember 9,1799Napoleon and Abbe Sieyes pulled off a coup in France.FranceFebruary 9, 1801The accordance peace among the French Republic and the Emperor and the Germanic Body. Lunville, France1801Napoleon made peace with the pope and reconciled hThe differences between the state and the Catholic Church.Rome and ParisMarch 25,1802The treaty of Amiens was signed.Amiens, FranceDecember 2, 1804Napoleon crowned himself EmperorParisOctober 21,1805The battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy. Atlantic Ocean, near Cdiz, Spain, and the Straits of GibraltarDecember 26,1805The treaty of Pressburg agreement was signed.Bratislava (Pressburg)JuneNovember 1812The French Invasion of Russia began.RussiaOctober 1619, 1813The battle of Leipzig was fought by the coalition armies.Leipzig, GermanyApril 11, 1814The treaty of Fontainebleau was signed.ParisMarch 20, 1815The treaty of Paris was signed .FranceJune 15,1815Napoleon suffered defeat at the hands of Duke of Wellington and bringing an end to the Napoleonic era of European history. Waterloo, Belgium may 5, 1821Napoleon dies as a British prisoner.Saint Helena, South AtlanticReferencesKishlansky, M., Geary, P., & OBrien, P. (2010). Civilization in the West (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New island of Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.

Educational years Essay

Schools denotation Goal * All students improve a grade level or to a greater extent on Individual Reading Inventories Professional Development (PD) Focus *All strategies presented in PD are geared towards reaching this goal. Individual Teacher Approaches *The third grade teachers have employ second grade test scores to identify that their students are weak in the area of comprehension cover has presented a scheme called Question do Relationships to help improve comprehension in students.The scheme helps students to learn to identify what kind of question is organism asked to assist them in strategically finding the answer. Angie Heppner is a first year teacher who participates in the mandatory district teacher induction program. The induction program includes meeting with her wise man teacher, who is released from the classroom full time. The mentor teacher and Angie use data collected from classroom observation to set goals to subject field on in the classroom. The Participan ts Literacy CoachDawn Benke whole kit and boodle with 2nd and third grade teachers as a literacy coach at a K-6 Teacher 1 Lillian Kurz has 31 students in her class, with five of her students move far below in knowledge as identified through test data, 10 students approaching, 11 students meeting and four students exceeding. My comments I totally understand the reasoning for Lilian not being offered the coachs position. Based on her class data, it is evident that she is an powerful teacher, and is very much valued in her grade level.She is working with a earlier large class, which is difficult to consistently provide meaningful instructional activities as she would like to (particularly if she is dealing with behavioral issues). Teacher 2 Duane Keller has 29 students, with seven of his students falling far below in see, seven approaching, 14 students meeting, and one student exceeding. My comments I think the Duane calculates to know what he is doing, based on the reading sca ttering data for his class.In addition, if it is not already being done, I think that a reading intervention time should be included in the everyday schedule. The interventionist should be Duane, as those are his students and he would be better able to keep up with their progress and make connections with other grade level work being done in the classroom. Teacher 3 Jesse Vrees class consists of 20 her students. She has three students who are falling far below, three students who are approaching, 19 students who are meeting and five students who are exceeding. My comments WWOWJesses students are doing great Based on her data, I think that Dawn should encourage her to share what works for her. Those three students, who are falling below, may have issues that need to be addressed by roughone other than the classroom teacher. In some cases acquire disabilities become clearing apparent as instruction intensifies. Teacher 4 Angie Heppner has 28 students six of whom are falling far bel ow, 10 who are approaching, 10 who are meeting, and two are exceeding. My comments Angie is one lucky first-year teacher. It is great that she has a full-time mentor teacher.I know that she will amass a great deal of knowledge and avoid many failures. Collaboration with someone who has taught for many years is a windfall. DAWNS CURRENT PLAN OF exertion Weekly professional development by grade level one day in the week during PD time 1. Presents a piece of the literacy dodging they are working with. My comments Dawns response to intervention is certainly on the right track, and will definitely assist her teachers in making some progress. Modeling the lesson will definitely assist her teachers in instruction.In my personal experience, I have found that the true effectiveness of a lesson is most accurately note when it is performed for the students in their own learning setting, by the coach, with the teacher as an involved onlooker In this way the teacher can take notes on how the c oach interacts with the students in regards to class-work as well as classroom management. It gives the teacher the opportunity to observe and reflect while teaching is going on. Thus later on teaching the lesson, twain the coach and the teacher can discuss and reflect on whether or not the students had fully understood what had been taught.2. Models a lesson using the strategy My comments Yes Yes Yes I totally agree. However thats not where it stops. In order to get those students to improve one grade level or more, lots more need to be done. Thats where differentiated instruction comes into play. Dawn needs to make her teachers aware that their Struggling students are indeed at risk or failure, for possibly the lack fundamental skills necessary s to work or read on their grade level. She should encourage her teachers to use any diagnostic reading data that they have available or otherwise perform their own.Although time-consuming, conducting a QR1 (qualitative reading inventory) , saves a lot of headache- when little Johnny just doesnt seem to get it- a QRI will let you know on exactly which reading level he/she is struggling, instructional or self-employed person. The findings of this type of assessment supports instruction and provides concrete data that teachers could share with the literacy coach, to support the need for proposed intervention various areas, such as phonics instruction, vocabulary and comprehension and adapting curriculum. A teacher knows his/her students and is the best advocate. in the long run success is accomplished through collaborative efforts of the literacy coach, the classroom teachers and definitely the students. Literacy coaches dont know it all, and neither do teachers. However, the data provided in the case report is indicative of a strong team, supportive of each other, despite their previous varied teaching assignments.Effective communication is fundamental in picturening for effective reading instruction. Knowledge of each students instructional and independent levels is beneficial in planning center activities and teacher directed instruction i.e. excellent groups. 3. Leads a discussion amongst the teachers about the strategy and how it applies to their own classrooms My commentsI like the fact that Dawn elicits teacher response, as to whether or not the modeled strategy would work in their classroom. She is giving them the opportunity to make adjustments and possible adaptations to the instructional delivery. In this forum the can be immediate feedback for clear expectations on both the literacy coachs par and the teachers part.Dawn shows awareness of the diverse learning styles that are contained within a classroom. Here she identifies challenges and allows opportunity to address them. 4. Offers time for teachers to plan to use the strategy in their classroom. Requires teachers to implement the strategy in the upcoming week Bring student work samples to the next session, where they evaluate t he effectiveness of the strategy. My comments Dawn makes her teachers accountable, not only for theirs students learning gains, but their own as well.When her teachers can effectively deliver lessons, it will certainly reflect in the reading public presentation of their students. Through their collaborative efforts dawn and her third grade team are well on their way to achieving their school goal. My Activity/Skills Recommendation Developing a Love for Reading As literacy coach Dawn can provide her teachers with a compile list of reading approaches that they may use to promote reading interest in their classroom, through interaction and involvement with text, thus improve overall reading performance.Instructional procedures will be intensive and include (i)Purposeful distinct & implicit teaching of concepts (ii)Teacher- student interaction that targets understanding of various text structures-cause & effect, chronological order, (iii)Use differentiated instruction student will pa rticipate in independent as well as teacher-led activities (iv)Student selection of leveled text for home reading.(v)Providing student with clear meaningful explanations and expectations of all tasks Targeting Comprehension Sequence activities will provide At Risk students with opportunity to practice and strengthen their ability to recall specific events as well as retelling text in a more adhesive manner. Vocabulary instruction will focus on words selected from the word lists and selected instructional text to provide instruction in the areas of synonyms, antonyms, affixes, words in c.

Keeping The Environment Clean Essay

There be trees,herbal plants flower,waterf completelys,forests,mountains,water,airetc.Every race cant live without this environment.All of us want this environemnt to spend our life.So we get umpteen things from environment.Example water,trees,airetc.If you clean this surroundings all of us can healthy and strong life.So we must clean our environment.But todays population are increasing.These population live with environment.So day by day,the people destroy this environemnt.Specially,I want to tell about the air pollution.In our country,have m both industries.So this industries throw chemicals and vassels.In this case,collect lot of carbendioxide air then pollute environment.So many people put garbages to the water.Some clock this activity do industries.They put their garbage,chemicals to this water.We can get many information regarding this from T.V and newspapers.So what happend this case pollute the water.Many time the fishes are killed.It will be poisonous.And also many peopl e set fire to chena cultivating.It pollutes the enviroment .We can see so many garbages on road sides.Villager collect the garbages and they part these garbages as their plants.So if you pollute this enironment we will notbe commensurate to grow foods.So we will decide not to pollute the environment.I grew up in a environment where pollution, disease, and some other problems are a big issue.Cars and factories release greenhouse gasses into the air, and forests are being cut down. In other countries, many people are behind on cures for diseases. Many people talk about how the frozen ice caps are melting and the ozone layer depleting. An Inconvenient Truth opened my eyes to see how todays technology and garbage affect these environmental disasters, and I want to do something about it. I do some things to puddle myself more environmentally friendly. I walk to school sort of of unprompted because I live about two blocks away. I also take the bus when I go downtown or my friends house. When I need to get somewhere and many people are going, I carpool with some friends. I recycle any cardboard boxes and milk cartons, and I utilize water bottles and fill them with filtered tap water instead of buying more water. I take short showers and I dont leave the face on when I am brushing my teeth. At school, I am constantly learning about the environment and how we are affecting it. I detect recycle and compost bins in the cafeteria and an old Asian woman picking up cans and bottles in the gym.In the A.P. Environmental Scienceclass, I see how other third world countries are less fortunate than us and how we just dump our trash in their countries. We need to find a way to use less resources and produce less trash so other countries can improve their standard of living. During the summer of 2008, I was a intern at north East Medical Services (NEMS), which is a clinic near Chinatown. I worked as a lab technical assistant and they had strict safety regulations. I con stantly had to wash my hands and wear latex gloves because I was transporting blood samples. My mentor told me that a clean work place reduces the chance of people spreading any diseases. He also told me that many people are ill because their houses or work places are unsanitary. A clean environment is good for everyone, but we are far from one. If we continue what we are doing, most of our natural resources would be gone and our future generations would have nothing to survive on. We should focus more on renewable energy sources like the wind, sun, and maybe even rain instead of wasting all of our fossil fuels. We also need to do more with our trash instead of burning or burying it. I hope that if apply my studies to environmental problems and coming up with a solution to them, I can help make a better future for everyone.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fourteen

CatelynNed and the girls were eight days gone when Maester Luwin came to her one night in Brans sickroom, carrying a drill lamp and the books of account. It is past time that we reviewed the figures, my lady, he tell. Youll want to issue how much this royal visit cost us.Catelyn looked at Bran in his sickbed and brushed his hair mainstay hit his forehead. It had grown very long, she realized. She would select to cut it soon. I pack no need to look at figures, Maester Luwin, she told him, never taking her eyes from Bran. I know what the visit cost us. Take the books away.My lady, the kings party had healthy appetites. We must replenish our stores beforeShe cut him off. I said, take the books away. The steward will attend to our needs.We have no steward, Maester Luwin reminded her. Like a little grey rat, she idea, he would not allow go. Poole went south to establish Lord Eddards household at Kings Landing.Catelyn nodded absently. Oh, yes. I remember. Bran looked so pale. She wondered whether they might move his bed under the windowpane, so he could get the morning sun.Maester Luwin deposit the lamp in a niche by the door and fiddled with its wick. t here are several appointments that require your immediate attention, my lady. Besides the steward, we need a captain of the guards to fill Jorys present, a new master of horseHer eyes snapped round and found him. A master of horse? Her voice was a whip.The maester was shaken. Yes, my lady. Hullen rode south with Lord Eddard, soMy give-and-take lies here broken and dying, Luwin, and you wish to discuss a new master of horse? Do you deem I bearing what happens in the stables? Do you think it matters to me one whit? I would gladly fumbler every horse in Winterfell with my own hands if it would open Brans eyes, do you under carrell that? Do you?He bowed his head. Yes, my lady, nevertheless the appointmentsIll make the appointments, Robb said.Catelyn had not comprehend him enter, but there he stood in t he doorway, looking at her. She had been shouting, she realized with a sudden flush of shame. What was happening to her? She was so tired, and her head hurt exclusively the time.Maester Luwin looked from Catelyn to her son. I have prepared a magnetic dip of those we might wish to consider for the vacant offices, he said, offering Robb a paper plucked from his sleeve.Her son glanced at the names. He had come from outside, Catelyn saw his cheeks were red from the cold, his hair shaggy and windblown. Good men, he said. Well talk about them tomorrow. He handed bum the list of names.Very good, my lord. The paper vanished into his sleeve.Leave us now, Robb said. Maester Luwin bowed and departed. Robb closed the door merchantman him and turned to her. He was wearing a sword, she saw. Mother, what are you doing?Catelyn had always thought Robb looked like her like Bran and Rickon and Sansa, he had the Tully coloring, the auburn hair, the blue eyes. Yet now for the first time she saw som ething of Eddard Stark in his face, something as stern and catchy as the north. What am I doing? she echoed, puzzled. How can you ask that? What do you imagine Im doing? I am taking care of your brother. I am taking care of Bran.Is that what you call it? You havent left field this room since Bran was hurt. You didnt even come to the gate when Father and the girls went south.I said my farewells to them here, and watched them ride out from that window. She had begged Ned not to go, not now, not after what had happened everything had changed now, couldnt he get that? It was no use. He had no choice, he had told her, and whence he left, choosing. I cant leave him, even for a min, not when any moment could be his last. I have to be with him, if . . . if . . . She took her sons limp hand, sliding his fingers through her own. He was so frail and thin, with no strength left in his hand, but she could still feel the warmth of living through his skin.Robbs voice softened. Hes not going to die, Mother. Maester Luwin says the time of groovyest danger has passed.And what if Maester Luwin is wrong? What if Bran needs me and Im not here?Rickon needs you, Robb said sharply. Hes only three, he doesnt understand whats happening. He thinks everyone has deserted him, so he describes me around all day, clutching my leg and crying. I dont know what to do with him. He paused a moment, chewing on his lower lip the way hed done when he was little. Mother, I need you too. Im trying but I cant . . . I cant do it all by myself. His voice broke with sudden emotion, and Catelyn remembered that he was only fourteen. She wanted to get up and go to him, but Bran was still memory her hand and she could not move.Outside the tower, a wolf began to howl. Catelyn trembled, merely for a molybdenum.Brans. Robb opened the window and let the night air into the stuffy tower room. The scream grew louder. It was a cold and lonely sound, full of melancholy and despair.Dont, she told him. Bran needs to stay warm.He needs to hear them sing, Robb said. Somewhere out in Winterfell, a second wolf began to howl in chorus with the first. Then a third, closer. Shaggydog and Grey Wind, Robb said as their voices rose and fell together. You can tell them apart if you list close.Catelyn was shaking. It was the grief, the cold, the howling of the direwolves. Night after night, the howling and the cold wind and the grey empty citadel, on and on they went, never changing, and her boy lying there broken, the sweetest of her children, the gentlest, Bran who love to laugh and climb and dreamt of knighthood, all gone now, she would never hear him laugh again. Sobbing, she pulled her hand free of his and covered her ears against those terrible howls. Make them stop she cried. I cant stand it, make them stop, make them stop, butcher them all if you must, just make them stopShe didnt remember falling to the floor, but there she was, and Robb was lifting her, holding her in strong arms. Do nt be afraid, Mother. They would never hurt him. He helped her to her narrow bed in the corner of the sickroom. Close your eyes, he said gently. Rest. Maester Luwin tells me youve hardly slept since Brans fall.I cant, she wept. Gods forgive me, Robb, I cant, what if he dies while Im asleep, what if he dies, what if he dies . . . The wolves were still howling. She screamed and held her ears again. Oh, gods, close the windowIf you swear to me youll sleep. Robb went to the window, but as he reached for the shutters another sound was added to the mournful howling of the direwolves. Dogs, he said, listening. All the dogs are barking. Theyve never done that before . . . Catelyn heard his breath catch in his throat. When she looked up, his face was pale in the lamplight. Fire, he whispered.Fire, she thought, and then, Bran Help me, she said urgently, sitting up. Help me with Bran.Robb did not seem to hear her. The library towers on fire, he said.Catelyn could see the flickering reddish l ight through the open window now. She sagged with relief. Bran was safe. The library was across the bailey, there was no way the fire would reach them here. Thank the gods, she whispered.Robb looked at her as if shed gone mad. Mother, stay here. Ill come corroborate as soon as the fires out. He ran then. She heard him shout to the guards outside the room, heard them descending together in a wild rush, taking the stairs ii and three at a time.Outside, there were shouts of Fire in the yard, screams, running footsteps, the whinny of frightened horses, and the frantic barking of the castle dogs. The howling was gone, she realized as she listened to the cacophony. The direwolves had locomote silent.Catelyn said a silent prayer of thanks to the seven faces of god as she went to the window. Across the bailey, long tongues of flame shot from the windows of the library. She watched the smoke rise into the leaf and thought sadly of all the books the Starks had gathered over the centuries. Then she closed the shutters.When she turned away from the window, the man was in the room with her.You werent sposed to be here, he muttered sourly. No one was sposed to be here.He was a small, dirty man in filthy brown clothing, and he stank of horses. Catelyn knew all the men who worked in their stables, and he was none of them. He was gaunt, with limp blond hair and pale eyes deep-sunk in a bony face, and there was a thorn in his hand.Catelyn looked at the knife, then at Bran. No, she said. The word stuck in her throat, the merest whisper.He must have heard her. Its a mercy, he said. Hes dead already.No, Catelyn said, louder now as she found her voice again. No, you cant. She spun back toward the window to scream for help, but the man moved spendthrifter than she would have believed. One hand clamped crop up over her mouth and yanked back her head, the other brought the toughie up to her windpipe. The stench of him was overwhelming.She reached up with both hands and grabbed the blade with all her strength, pulling it away from her throat. She heard him cursing into her ear. Her fingers were slippery with blood, but she would not let go of the dagger. The hand over her mouth clenched more tightly, shutting off her air. Catelyn twisted her head to the side and managed to get a piece of his soma between her teeth. She bit down hard into his palm. The man grunted in twinge. She ground her teeth together and tore at him, and all of a sudden he let go. The taste of his blood filled her mouth. She sucked in air and screamed, and he grabbed her hair and pulled her away from him, and she stumbled and went down, and then he was standing over her, breathing hard, shaking. The dagger was still clutched tightly in his right hand, slick with blood. You werent sposed to be here, he repeated stupidly.Catelyn saw the shadow slip through the open door behind him. at that place was a low rumble, less than a snarl, the merest whisper of a threat, but he must have heard something, because he started to turn just as the wolf made its leap. They went down together, half sprawled over Catelyn where shed fallen. The wolf had him under the jaw. The mans shriek lasted less than a second before the beast wrenched back its head, taking out half his throat.His blood felt like warm rain as it sprayed across her face.The wolf was looking at her. Its jaws were red and ridiculous and its eyes glowed golden in the false room. It was Brans wolf, she realized. Of course it was. Thank you, Catelyn whispered, her voice faint and tiny. She lifted her hand, trembling. The wolf padded closer, sniffed at her fingers, then licked at the blood with a wet rough tongue. When it had cleaned all the blood off her hand, it turned away silently and jumped up on Brans bed and lay down beside him. Catelyn began to laugh hysterically.That was the way they found them, when Robb and Maester Luwin and Ser Rodrik burst in with half the guards in Winterfell. When the laughter finall y died in her throat, they wrapped her in warm blankets and led her back to the Great Keep, to her own chambers. Old Nan un stageed her and helped her into a scalding hot bath and washed the blood off her with a soft cloth.Afterward Maester Luwin arrived to dress her wounds. The cuts in her fingers went deep, almost to the bone, and her scalp was raw and bleeding where hed pulled out a handful of hair. The maester told her the pain was just starting now, and gave her milk of the poppy to help her sleep.Finally she closed her eyes.When she opened them again, they told her that she had slept four days. Catelyn nodded and sat up in bed. It all seemed like a nightmare to her now, everything since Brans fall, a terrible dream of blood and grief, but she had the pain in her hands to remind her that it was real. She felt weak and light-headed, yet strangely resolute, as if a great weight had lifted from her.Bring me some clams and edulcorate, she told her servants, and take word to Maest er Luwin that my bandages want changing. They looked at her in surprise and ran to do her bidding.Catelyn remembered the way she had been before, and she was ashamed. She had let them all down, her children, her husband, her House. It would not happen again. She would show these northerners how strong a Tully of Riverrun could be.Robb arrived before her food. Rodrik Cassel came with him, and her husbands ward Theon Greyjoy, and lastly Hallis Mollen, a muscular guardsman with a square brown beard. He was the new captain of the guard, Robb said. Her son was dressed in boil leather and ringmail, she saw, and a sword hung at his waist.Who was he? Catelyn asked them.No one knows his name, Hallis Mollen told her. He was no man of Winterfell, mlady, but some says they seen him here and about the castle these past few weeks.One of the kings men, then, she said, or one of the Lannisters. He could have waited behind when the others left.Maybe, Hal said. With all these strangers filling up Wi nterfell of late, theres no way of saying who he belonged to.Hed been hiding in your stables, Greyjoy said. You could smell it on him.And how could he go unnoticed? she said sharply.Hallis Mollen looked abashed. Between the horses Lord Eddard took south and them we sent north to the Nights Watch, the stalls were half-empty. It were no great trick to hide from the stableboys. Could be Hodor saw him, the talk is that boys been acting queer, but simple as he is . . . Hal shook his head.We found where hed been sleeping, Robb put in. He had ninety silver stags in a leather bag buried beneath the straw.Its good to know my sons life was not sold cheaply, Catelyn said bitterly.Hallis Mollen looked at her, confused. Begging your grace, mlady, you saying he was out to kill your boy?Greyjoy was doubtful. Thats madness.He came for Bran, Catelyn said. He kept muttering how I wasnt supposed to be there. He set the library fire thinking I would rush to put it out, taking any guards with me. If I hadnt been half-mad with grief, it would have worked.Why would anyone want to kill Bran? Robb said. Gods, hes only a little boy, helpless, sleeping . . . Catelyn gave her firstborn a challenging look. If you are to rule in the north, you must think these things through, Robb. Answer your own question. Why would anyone want to kill a sleeping child?Before he could answer, the servants returned with a plate of food fresh from the kitchen. There was much more than shed asked for hot bread, butter and honey and blackberry preserves, a rasher of bacon and a soft-boiled egg, a wedge of cheese, a pot of mint tea. And with it came Maester Luwin.How is my son, Maester? Catelyn looked at all the food and found she had no appetite.Maester Luwin lowered his eyes. Unchanged, my lady.It was the reply she had expected, no more and no less. Her hands throbbed with pain, as if the blade were still in her, cutting deep. She sent the servants away and looked back to Robb. Do you have the answer yet?So meone is afraid Bran might wake up, Robb said, afraid of what he might say or do, afraid of something he knows.Catelyn was olympian of him. Very good. She turned to the new captain of the guard. We must keep Bran safe. If there was one killer, there could be others.How many guards do you want, rnlady? Hal asked.So long as Lord Eddard is away, my son is the master of Winterfell, she told him.Robb stood a little taller. Put one man in the sickroom, night and day, one outside the door, two at the freighter of the stairs. No one sees Bran without my warrant or my mothers.As you say, mlord.Do it now, Catelyn suggested.And let his wolf stay in the room with him, Robb added.Yes, Catelyn said. And then again Yes.Hallis Mollen bowed and left the room.Lady Stark, Ser Rodrik said when the guardsman had gone, did you chance to notice the dagger the killer used?The circumstances did not allow me to examine it closely, but I can ensure for its edge, Catelyn replied with a dry smile. Why do you ask?We found the knife still in the villains grasp. It seemed to me that it was altogether too fine a weapon for such a man, so I looked at it long and hard. The blade is Valyrian steel, the hilt dragonbone. A weapon like that has no business being in the hands of such as him. Someone gave it to him.Catelyn nodded, thoughtful. Robb, close the door.He looked at her strangely, but did as she told him.What I am about to tell you must not leave this room, she told them. I want your oaths on that. If even part of what I suspect is true, Ned and my girls have ridden into deadly danger, and a word in the wrong ears could mean their lives.Lord Eddard is a second father to me, said Theon Greyjoy. I do so swear.You have my oath, Maester Luwin said.And mine, my lady, echoed Ser Rodrik.She looked at her son. And you, Robb?He nodded his consent.My sister Lysa believes the Lannisters murdered her husband, Lord Arryn, the Hand of the King, Catelyn told them. It comes to me that Jaime Lannister did not marrow the hunt the day Bran fell. He remained here in the castle. The room was deathly quiet. I do not think Bran fell from that tower, she said into the stillness. I think he was thrown.The shock was plain on their faces. My lady, that is a monstrous suggestion, said Rodrik Cassel. Even the Kingslayer would flinch at the murder of an innocent child.Oh, would he? Theon Greyjoy asked. I wonder.There is no limit to Lannister pride or Lannister ambition, Catelyn said.The boy had always been surehanded in the past, Maester Luwin said thoughtfully. He knew every stone in Winterfell.Gods, Robb swore, his young face dark with anger. If this is true, he will pay for it. He drew his sword and waved it in the air. Ill kill him myselfSer Rodrik bristled at him. Put that away The Lannisters are a century leagues away. Never draw your sword unless you mean to use it. How many times must I tell you, foolish boy?Abashed, Robb sheathed his sword, suddenly a child again. Catelyn said to Se r Rodrik, I see my son is wearing steel now.The old master-at-arms said, I thought it was time.Robb was looking at her anxiously. Past time, she said. Winterfell may have need of all its swords soon, and they had best not be made of wood.Theon Greyjoy put a hand on the hilt of his blade and said, My lady, if it comes to that, my House owes yours a great debt.Maester Luwin pulled at his chain collar where it chafed against his neck. All we have is conjecture. This is the queens beloved brother we mean to accuse. She will not take it kindly. We must have proof, or invariably keep silent.Your proof is in the dagger, Ser Rodrik said. A fine blade like that will not have gone unnoticed.There was only one place to find the truth of it, Catelyn realized. Someone must go to Kings Landing.Ill go, Robb said.No, she told him. Your place is here. There must always be a Stark in Winterfell. She looked at Ser Rodrik with his great white whiskers, at Maester Luwin in his grey robes, at young Grey joy, lean and dark and impetuous. Who to send? Who would be believed? Then she knew. Catelyn struggled to push back the blankets, her bandaged fingers as stiff and unyielding as stone. She climbed out of bed. I must go myself.My lady, said Maester Luwin, is that wise? Surely the Lannisters would greet your arrival with suspicion.What about Bran? Robb asked. The poor boy looked utterly confused now. You cant mean to leave him.I have done everything I can for Bran, she said, laying a wounded hand on his arm. His life is in the hands of the gods and Maester Luwin. As you reminded me yourself, Robb, I have other children to think of now.You will need a strong escort, my lady, Theon said.Ill send Hal with a squad of guardsmen, Robb said.No, Catelyn said. A large party attracts unwelcome attention. I would not have the Lannisters know I am coming.Ser Rodrik protested. My lady, let me accompany you at least. The kingsroad can be parlous for a woman alone.I will not be taking the kingsroad, Catelyn replied. She thought for a moment, then nodded her consent. Two riders can move as fast as one, and a good deal faster than a long column burdened by wagons and wheelhouses. I will welcome your company, Ser Rodrik. We will follow the White Knife down to the sea, and hire a ship at WhiteHarbor. Strong horses and brisk winds should bring us to Kings Landing well ahead of Ned and the Lannisters. And then, she thought, we shall see what we shall see.

Character analysis on Jocasta and Oedipus Essay

In Oedipus the king, Sophocles begins the story line with the city of Thebes grieving. Oedipus sure identity is starting to get question, when he is t overage by a blind prophet that he is what plaguing the city. His wife, Jocasta is immediately skeptical about the prophecy, and tells him a story about an oracle that she had once received and never became foregathered. However, this did not help Oedipus uncertainty, and unaccompanied to score more confusion to his soul was he visited from the past, a messenger from his tyros kingdom. The messenger brings new that his father has died of old age and that his kingdom wanted him to be there king. Jocasta believes this is good news, but only does her fate plough when Oedipus confesses that he ran away from his base kingdom to because he had heard a prophecy that he would mound his parents.The messenger tells Oedipus that his terror was useless for he was not a blood relative of the king, but a gift handed from his very avouch hands. Jocasta realizes the true identity of Oedipus and begs him to stop his questioning and search it would only cause him more greif, but only does her grief cause her to commit suicide. Oedipus it told by a drover that Oedipus was given to him by the queen herself to be casted on the mountain side and left to die. Oedipus realization of his true identity and finding out that that his wife is his mother and that she killed herself he ripped out his eyes. (969-99) Jocastas is skeptical about the prophets and has her own philosophy about she what should be known or what should be looked in to, she believes that the less someone knows the better, is this what caused her own downfall? Jocasta, the queen of Thebes, turns out it was not as glamorous as it sounds.Jocasta first marriage was a very successful and happy one until they received a prophecy that was that their son would kill his father and marry his mother. Sophocles represents Jocasta in a carefree manner. In her first entr ance we can see that she is not worried about what the prophet spoke to Oedipus nor did she give it any importance. She tells Oedipus to not worry about what he give tongue to she believes that no mortal is ever given the skill of prophecy. (986) Jocasta may have not certain the words of the prophet, because to her knowledge the oracle that was once given to King Laius and her had never actually been fulfilled, but she and then still does worshpid the God Apollo. To me it seems that she is not actually skeptical of the Gods, but instead to the men who are said to interpret the messages from the God.The way she expressed herself about the matinee idol after she had told Oedipus the oracle that she had once received was, That clipping Apollo did not make our child a patricide, or bring about what Laius feared, that he be killed by his own son. Thats how prophetic words determined things Forget them. The things a god must route he will himself painlessly reveal. (986) Jocasta is not skeptical about the god for she said that a god must do things himself, unlike the prophetic words, that to her, never revealed themselves. As the play progressed Sophocles presents a messenger who began to release the true origin of Oedipus.(992-993) Jocasta was first intrigued to find out that Oedipus father had died of old age she recalls to him that it was pointless of him to fear the oracle, and that the future is unknowable, life is ruled by chance. (992)However, not until a few moments later did she began to unsolve the mystery and began to assert Oedipus to stop trying to find out who he was. Jocasta realizes before Oedipus that he is her son, and that she has committed incest. She began to tell him to give up his search that she was already in enough pain.(993) Jocasta did not want Oedipus to find out who she really was and cause him grief so she did not want him to keep looking into the past, the less he knew the better. Jocasta begged Oedipus to not question anythin g anymore to stop his grief, but later on her own grief cuases her to commit suicide.Did Jocastas skepticism and philosophy become the reason to her own downfall? Yes, in my opinion they did. Jocasta did commit some of her wrongs in innocence, but she did abandon Oedipus on the mountain side and did not even attempt to find out if her son had lived or in fact died, the less she knew the better. This later on caused her to marry Oedipus and fulfill the oracle, which became the end of her life when she hang herself with bed sheets.Work CitedSophocles. Oedipus the King. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Robert Zweig. 5th Compacted ed. young York Pearson Longman, 2012. 969-1004. Print.

Aircraft Solutions Essay

protective coverAircraft Solutions Security and constitution Assessment Table of Contents Executive Summary1 Company Overview1 Security Vulnerabilities1 De centralize Anti Virus1 Access chair List Policy3 Recommended Solutions6 Bitdefender6 AlgoSec Security Management Suite7 Impact on Business Processes7 Budget8 Summary8 References9 Executive Summary As Aircraft Solutions suffer ons the undermentioned step in its growth, it is imperative that its IT infrastructure keep pace as to not counteract gains do by the c every(prenominal)er during this expansion.This is especially important given it designs and fabricates components for twain commercial and defense related industry. abanthroughd the increase in staff as well up as external vendors feelering the net last, a more centralized approach to antivirus protection has to be adopted. It is equally important that certain elements within the vane that have been done manually, such as Access Control List policy, be automated to avoid consuming the IT surgical incision in an ever escalating bar of employee seconds. Company OverviewAircraft Solutions operates within California in two separate physiological locations in San Diego and Santa Ana. Working within both(prenominal) commercial and defense industries, their products be apply globally. Aircraft Solutions is overtly adept in nature utilizing Business Process Management (BPM) for end to end processes that interacts with customers, vendors, and suppliers. BPM alike fills a critical role of internal communications for IT to ensure customer needs atomic number 18 macrocosm effect precisely as they have been ordered. Security Vulnerabilities Decentralized Anti VirusIn reviewing the software utilize by Aircraft Solutions, it is stated that hostage is handled by anti-virus software that is independently operated for all workstations and servers. This seems to be a subsequence of the host centric theme as evidenced by host base IDS. Whereas ho st based IDS stand be seen as a more viable alternative to intercommunicate based IDS, the akin back endnot be said for anti-virus software in this scenario. Given that the gild operates two individual physical locations that belt along the gamut from design to production, it behind be assumed that their employee pool is not small despite actual numbers racket not being mentioned.With these numbers, it is quite unlikely that all employees are maintaining their due diligence in ensuring that they are properly updating their anti-virus applications and operating them in such a manner that they are being apply efficiently. The primary weakness of this policy is that the end user is responsible for its upkeep. It is reasonable to assume that more or lessone workings in a loading dock may not have the same level of calculator aptitude as an engineer and would be more likely to cause a break in security by allowing a virus into their ready reckoner and threaten the mesh top ology (De sidetrackment of Homeland Security, 2012).As security is only as strong as the weakest link, this opens the proverbial floodgates of illicit glide slope to the follow network. This is problematic in that official statistics ga thered in 2012 estimated that the United States ranks third in the world with 50. 1% of all quaint users detecting threats from a virus (Kaspersky Security Bulletin, 2012). The most common virus credited with 75. 01% of all online attacks with 712,999,644 instances are malicious URLs (Kaspersky Security Bulletin, 2012) that can infect a com sayer without the user charge realizing what has occurred.Not even anti-virus software leave behind keep a user completely safe as it is reported that 32% of all users have been infected with a virus despite such protection measures (Zorz, 2010). Once infected, viruses can either cause extreme lag with the network, slowly gather information to be utilize against the company or sold to anyone imparting to pu rchase it, or even cause damage to physical components used in the business (Weinberger, 2012). There are umpteen other nefarious effects of an infected computer within a network that can cripple productivity and cut into the revenue generating capacity of the company.When you take into consideration that a slower network will cause a decrease in company production and will not reduce the cost of daily proceedings in terms of equipment, utilities or workforce then you must look at the financial ramifications of such an event. The creation and dissemination of viruses has get big business that will grow exponentially as it has moved from the stereotypical basements of hackers into the realm of nonionised crime and legitimized aspects of armed services for many nations the world around (Fisher, 2012).It is reported that worldwide, viruses have stolen approximately $1. 6 trillion (CMP Media Inc. , 2013) from the global economy. Access Control List Rule policy Security policy at Air craft Solutions dictates that all firewall and router admission operate on linguistic rules pertaining to packet flow be evaluated on a bi every year basis. Network infrastructure documentation for the company lists one firewall and two routers that are currently in operation that fall within these parameters. Within the San Diego headquarters, all of these devices act as a bulwark against any unwelcome intrusion from the Internet at large.Documentation also details there are contractors and suppliers along with customers to bring off with regarding external access to the network through these devices. Looking at the internal physical topology it is seen that there is a single router providing packet control for all traffic between the Defense Division in Santa Anna and the rest of the company consisting of Human Re showtimes, Accounting, Direct Computer Numerical Control, Sales and Marketing, IT, and information from the database.Conversely, this same router would also have t o act the single point of control between all internal de referencements at San Diego as it is the only piece of equipment that possesses layer three functionality before passing the firewall. Given these relationships this demonstrates these three devices, particularly the router connecting Santa Anna and San Diego, bring extremely detailed and expansive routing rules to effectively run the business. Departmental access list rules could for the most part remain static and not solicit a great deal of attention once apply as IP schemas would be established ahead of time for each division.Issues begin to arise when you take into account that over the course of two years, multiple projects will most likely be spun up, many unique circumstances, and growth of the network will create a myriad of antiquated access control rules that will represent gaping holes in security that can allow unauthorized access to sensitive company materials and mind property. This would also lead to a la ck of documentation of access control rules so that there would be no manner in which to simply reference which rules were in step to the fore and for what reason.Each annual security review will then sideline the IT department as it analyzes the access control list rules and begins to path them out to their respective devices. At this point, ownership of the device would have to be established, the purpose of that device, and then verifying if access was still warranted. Disagreements at this juncture would result in managerial oversight as department heads would then have to present their cases for and against access. Obviously, this would draw management, especially that of IT, into contracted figuring that would distract from day to day business.A lack of an overall firewall policy, a bi yearly military rank of access control list rules, and the previously mentioned issue of non centralized anti-virus software creates a very hazardous environment for data security. A port th at is opened for user access is a window into the companys network that can ultimately be exploited. The more ports that are left open, the greater the prospect for intrusion. This same lack of a detailed firewall policy also entails that these multiple holes in security can vary in scope since there is not a set control in start to reign in the extent of the security exception being asked (Hogg, 2011).These open ports move in the company predisposed to port scanning as outside entities search for network soft spots that can be exploited to gain entry. These scans occur with such constant frequency that they are referred to as Internet minimize radiation (Notenboom, 2008). Given these factors it is a foregone conclusion that there will inevitably be a breach of the network as a result. Such an event would result in loss of intellectual property, decrease of production, and repeated incidents would create a devastating loss of trust in the eyes of customers.An adjuvant security risk is derived from the time and energy spent by IT during each manual review of all access control listings in the firewall and routers. It is feasible that each rule will take an average of an hour to complete if all goes smoothly with tracing the routed path from beginning to end, complying with internal ticket work, verifying the device, and evaluate a reason for the route to be in existence. More time would be expended by both engineering staff and then management if there was a dispute as to if a rule should be left in place or not.In terms of just the basic work to go through all the established rules that will accumulate over the course of 2 years, a conservative estimate of 25 requests for new rules per week (based on personal experience within a mid-sized company) would yield a total of 2600 new lines to be analyzed. Assuming approximately a third of these rules could be associated together as projects are increased or decreased, that leaves roughly 866 lines that trans lates into as many employee hours that will be occupied for this task over the course of 108 days.A team of five in the IT department would require just over 21 full working days to effectively handle this task at a cost of $2,898. 75 to have entry level Network Engineers (Salary. com, 2013) dedicated to the task . If a quarter of these rules are disputed, then the company will pay out another $9,964. 70 (Salary. com, 2013) of preoccupied productivity as the IT manager has to contend with other managers to mediate the need for the rules. It is likely that this endeavor would play a major departmental project at the end of the 2 years instead of being worked on throughout the duration.During this time, other work will be assigned to secondary status and put projects and perhaps updates that could be critical in risk of being done on time as all energy and focus resides on the access evaluation. Recommended Solutions Bitdefender To effectively control antivirus from a central start that will push updates to all network devices, demand all equipment connecting has antivirus and allow for restless devices to be used without issue, Bitdefender small business pack would be the ideal choice.Given that this application suite will depict service to all Windows OSs from XP to Windows 8 along with Macintosh and Linux support (Squidoo. com, 2012) , it is perfect for allowing outside vendors who may not conform strictly to the Windows platform adopted by Aircraft Solutions. Support for the product is offered by email, and phone coupled with kind assistance free of charge. As it was not definitely declared how many employees are with Aircraft Solutions, there is a pricing scale of $449. 95 per year for 20 computers and 20 mobile devices (Bitdefender, 2012) .AlgoSec Security Management Suite In terms of Access Control List management on the firewalls, industry reviews would recommend a single piece of software, Algosec Security Management Suite. With this application, all a user is required to do is simply enter in the IP of the device wanting entry to the network as well as the IP of the device is wishes to access. Algosec will then compute the path from source to destination, provide a listing of all firewalls in the path, and then list out what changes would need to be made to firewall configuration.With a click of a button, it would even implement these changes thereby freeing an inordinate marrow of time on the part of IT staff and management (AlgoSec, 2012) . Cost of the application is approximately $10,000 (AlgoSec, 2013) which also acknowledge support of the product and updates. Impact on Business Processes Implementation pains felt as both Bitdefender and AlgoSec are introduced will be minimal at best. In each instance, less work will be required of employees as they are no longer responsible for their own antivirus and the process by which firewall flows are drafted and put into configuration will be dramatically increased.The poi nt of contention that might make itself known will be at the onset of these applications being installed as they will require some new policy changes. At first, there will most likely be an uptick in questions asked of IT as employees want to know what is required of them with Bitdefender antivirus. It will also require new policy on the part of IT in terms of management of the application as well as procedures for pushing updates into the network.AlgoSec will be almost entirely without incident as it will create a process by which a request is put in for access and instead of being delayed as the path is verified, it can move directly into managerial oversight for approval. Budget Product Features Cost Bitdefender Centralized AV updatesScalable user supportInternal firewallIntuitive GUIApplication supportInstallation assistance $449. 95 per year per set of 20 computers/20 mobile devices AlgoSec Firewall path operation automationFirewall configuration change automationNegates access control rule auditsProduct support and updates $10,000 (approximate quote)Summary Without changes made to IT policy, requests upon the IT department for access to the network and the bi yearly audit of existing rules will eventually grind all departmental go on to a complete stop for months at a time. Automation in this arena as well as a universal standard for antivirus are dire in maintaining a secure network with the necessary resources to make changes as needed. In the face of company growth, if automation is not embraced, then it will become necessary to increase the IT staff by at least 50% within the coterminous 2 years to simply maintain the status quo.Assuming an employee pool of 100, an investment in Bitdefender and Algosec at this time will cost $12,249. 75, with reoccurring annual fees of $2,249. 75. Such an amount if a far cry from an enormous uptick in staff. The end result will be a far more efficient IT department that will be able to accomplish more sustentative work with existing staff at hand. References AlgoSec. (2012, january). AlgoSec Security Management Suite. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from Algosec. com http//www. algosec. com/en/products/products_overview AlgoSec. (2013, January). How to Buy. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from algosec.